﻿517 
  

  

  BoRNER 
  (C). 
  Experimenteller 
  Nachweis 
  einer 
  biologischen 
  Rassen- 
  

   differenz 
  zwischen 
  Rebl^usen 
  aus 
  Lothrinigen 
  und 
  Sudfrankreich. 
  

  

  [Experimental 
  proof 
  of 
  a 
  biological 
  race-difference 
  between 
  the 
  

  

  Phylloxera 
  from 
  Lorraine 
  and 
  the 
  South 
  of 
  France.] 
  — 
  Zeitschr. 
  

  

  fiir 
  angewandie 
  Entomologie, 
  Berlin, 
  i, 
  no. 
  ], 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  59-67. 
  

  

  The 
  subject-matter 
  of 
  this 
  address 
  has 
  been 
  dealt 
  with 
  before 
  in 
  

   these 
  pages 
  [see 
  this 
  Review, 
  Ser. 
  A, 
  ii, 
  p. 
  156.] 
  

  

  Orth 
  ( 
  — 
  ). 
  Die 
  Reblaus 
  in 
  Franken. 
  [Phylloxera 
  in 
  Franconia.] 
  — 
  

   Zeitschr. 
  fiir 
  angewandte 
  Entomologie, 
  Berlin, 
  i, 
  no. 
  1, 
  April 
  1914, 
  

   pp. 
  50-58, 
  1 
  map. 
  

  

  First 
  discovered 
  in 
  Franconia 
  in 
  1902, 
  Phylloxera 
  has 
  since 
  been 
  

   found 
  in 
  many 
  localities 
  there, 
  but 
  the 
  total 
  area 
  infested 
  only 
  amounts 
  

   to 
  about 
  173 
  acres, 
  or 
  about 
  1 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  devoted 
  to 
  vine- 
  

   growing. 
  Control 
  may 
  therefore 
  be 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  successful. 
  In 
  the 
  

   inspection 
  of 
  vineyards 
  every 
  stock 
  is 
  examined. 
  

  

  RuBSAAMEN 
  (E. 
  H.). 
  Die 
  Bekampfung 
  der 
  Reblauskrankheit 
  in 
  

   Preussen. 
  [Phylloxera-control 
  in 
  Prussia.] 
  — 
  Zeitschr. 
  fiir 
  angc' 
  

   wandte 
  Entomologie, 
  Berlin, 
  i, 
  no. 
  1, 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  20-49, 
  2 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  search 
  for 
  and 
  destruction 
  of 
  infested 
  stocks 
  (an 
  operation 
  of 
  

   much 
  difficulty) 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  efficacious 
  method 
  of 
  Phylloxera 
  control 
  

   where 
  the 
  introduction 
  of 
  American 
  stocks 
  is 
  not 
  attempted. 
  The 
  

   latter 
  is 
  an 
  expensive 
  method, 
  not 
  always 
  possible 
  to 
  the 
  small 
  vine- 
  

   grower, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  thinks 
  it 
  is 
  unnecessary 
  as 
  yet 
  in 
  the 
  Rhine 
  

   provinces 
  of 
  Prussia, 
  where 
  the 
  success 
  so 
  far 
  gained 
  seems 
  to 
  point 
  

   to 
  the 
  possibihty 
  of 
  rooting 
  out 
  the 
  evil. 
  In 
  the 
  districts 
  under 
  the 
  

   author's 
  supervision, 
  the 
  examination 
  of 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  each 
  stock 
  

   was 
  introduced 
  in 
  1903, 
  and 
  has 
  since 
  been 
  adopted 
  throughout 
  the 
  

   Rhine 
  province. 
  The 
  search 
  squad 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  chief, 
  7 
  experts 
  and 
  

   7 
  labourers. 
  At 
  least 
  4 
  roots 
  of 
  each 
  stock 
  are 
  examined. 
  The 
  cost 
  

   per 
  examined 
  stock 
  varies 
  from 
  2d. 
  to 
  3d. 
  That 
  this 
  slow, 
  somewhat 
  

   costly, 
  but 
  thorough 
  examination 
  is 
  successful, 
  is 
  proved 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  

   that 
  but 
  few 
  new 
  centres 
  of 
  infection 
  are 
  discovered 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  

   examined 
  in 
  this 
  manner. 
  On 
  an 
  average, 
  a 
  squad 
  can 
  inspect 
  626 
  

   acres 
  of 
  non-infested 
  vineyards 
  in 
  12 
  weeks 
  and 
  125-200 
  acres 
  in 
  

   infested 
  ones. 
  The 
  work 
  is 
  done 
  strictly 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  a 
  yearly 
  

   time-table, 
  from 
  mid-June 
  to 
  mid-September. 
  The 
  destruction 
  of 
  a 
  

   centre 
  of 
  infection 
  is 
  carried 
  out 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  The 
  vine-stocks 
  are 
  cut 
  

   down 
  and 
  burned 
  ; 
  about 
  10 
  oz. 
  of 
  carbon 
  bisulphide 
  is 
  used 
  per 
  

   square 
  yard, 
  in 
  holes 
  from 
  6 
  to 
  8 
  inches 
  deep 
  ; 
  after 
  the 
  vine 
  and 
  the 
  

   Phylloxera 
  have 
  been 
  killed 
  by 
  the 
  gases, 
  the 
  vine 
  is 
  uprooted 
  ; 
  a 
  

   second 
  treatment 
  with 
  carbon 
  bisulphide 
  follows, 
  about 
  5Joz. 
  per 
  

   square 
  yard 
  being 
  used 
  ; 
  the 
  ground 
  is 
  then 
  watered 
  with 
  Kresol 
  

   solution. 
  A 
  10 
  per 
  cent, 
  solution 
  of 
  Kresol, 
  made- 
  up 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  

   German 
  Pharmacopeia 
  (4th 
  Edition), 
  was 
  found 
  absolutely 
  deadly 
  to 
  

   Phylloxera, 
  including 
  the 
  eggs. 
  In 
  the 
  Rhine 
  province, 
  watering 
  with 
  

   Kresol 
  is 
  not 
  done, 
  for 
  as 
  the 
  soil 
  is 
  but 
  shghtly 
  moved, 
  as 
  compared 
  

   with 
  former 
  methods 
  where 
  it 
  was 
  dug 
  up 
  to 
  a 
  considerable 
  depth, 
  

   the 
  Phylloxera 
  is 
  not 
  brought 
  to 
  the 
  surface. 
  Besides 
  being 
  unneces- 
  

   sary, 
  Kresol 
  communicated 
  an 
  unpleasant 
  flavour 
  to 
  the 
  grapes 
  of 
  

  

  