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  of 
  control. 
  Field 
  experiments, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  details 
  are 
  given, 
  show 
  

   that 
  the 
  most 
  effective 
  methods 
  of 
  control 
  consist 
  of 
  the 
  removal 
  of 
  

   the 
  weeds 
  which 
  are 
  food-plants, 
  combined 
  with 
  a 
  systematic 
  rotation 
  

   of 
  crops. 
  A 
  rotation 
  found 
  very 
  satisfactory 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  seven 
  years 
  : 
  — 
  

   first 
  year, 
  tobacco, 
  fertiUsed 
  heavily 
  ; 
  second 
  year, 
  wheat 
  without 
  

   fertilising 
  ; 
  third 
  and 
  fourth 
  years, 
  mixed 
  grasses 
  and 
  clover, 
  ; 
  fifth 
  

   year, 
  maize, 
  with 
  barnyard 
  manure 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  amount 
  of 
  fertihser 
  ; 
  

   sixth 
  year, 
  cowpeas, 
  fertihsed 
  with 
  a 
  httle 
  acid 
  phosphate 
  and 
  sulphate 
  

   of 
  potash 
  ; 
  seventh 
  year, 
  tobacco. 
  

  

  Summer 
  ploughing 
  and 
  the 
  growing 
  of 
  cowpeas 
  the 
  year 
  before 
  

   crops 
  subject 
  to 
  injury 
  are 
  planted, 
  have 
  also 
  been 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  effective. 
  

   The 
  author 
  emphasises 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  larvae 
  cannot 
  survive 
  the 
  

   winter 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  unless 
  plants 
  on 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  able 
  to 
  feed 
  are 
  

   present. 
  A 
  bibliography 
  of 
  19 
  references 
  (1860-1912) 
  concludes 
  the 
  

   article. 
  

  

  BoLLE 
  (J.). 
  Die 
  Schildlaus 
  des 
  Maulbeerbaumes 
  (Diaspis 
  pentagona, 
  

   T. 
  T.) 
  und 
  deren 
  biologische 
  Bekampfung. 
  [The 
  mulberry 
  scale, 
  

   Aulacaspis 
  (Diaspis) 
  pentagona, 
  and 
  its 
  biological 
  control.] 
  — 
  

   — 
  Zeitschr. 
  fur 
  angewandte 
  Entomologie, 
  Berlin, 
  i, 
  no. 
  1, 
  April 
  

   1914, 
  pp. 
  196-213, 
  13 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  infestation 
  of 
  mulberry 
  trees 
  by 
  Aulacaspis 
  and 
  its 
  control 
  by 
  

   Prospaltella 
  are 
  described 
  and 
  details 
  are 
  given 
  of 
  Berlese's 
  work. 
  

   The 
  following 
  suggestion, 
  made 
  by 
  Del 
  Guercio 
  to 
  the 
  author, 
  is 
  thought 
  

   worth 
  adopting 
  where 
  the 
  diffusion 
  of 
  Prospaltella 
  is 
  aimed 
  at. 
  A 
  

   nursery 
  is 
  established 
  with 
  some 
  hundreds 
  of 
  young 
  mulberry 
  seedlings 
  

   and 
  these 
  are 
  then 
  infested 
  with 
  parasitised 
  scales. 
  The 
  following 
  

   spring 
  the 
  young 
  trees 
  are 
  planted 
  in 
  groups 
  of 
  four 
  to 
  six 
  near 
  the 
  

   infested 
  mulberry 
  plantations 
  and 
  removed 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  years 
  later. 
  

   In 
  this 
  way 
  a 
  constant 
  source 
  of 
  infestation 
  is 
  at 
  hand 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  

   no 
  danger 
  of 
  Prospaltella 
  being 
  killed 
  by 
  the 
  withering 
  of 
  the 
  twigs 
  

   on 
  which 
  it 
  and 
  its 
  host 
  live. 
  The 
  author 
  finds 
  that 
  Prospaltella 
  can 
  

   withstand 
  10 
  degrees 
  of 
  frost 
  in 
  winter 
  and 
  prolonged 
  heat, 
  drought 
  

   and 
  humidity 
  in 
  summer. 
  

  

  Jablonowski 
  (J.). 
  Ueber 
  einen 
  neuen 
  Getreideschadling 
  aus 
  Ungarn 
  : 
  

   Halmeule, 
  Oria 
  (Tapinostola) 
  musculosa, 
  Hb. 
  [A 
  new 
  grain 
  pest 
  

   in 
  Hungary.] 
  — 
  Zeitschr. 
  fiir 
  angewandte 
  Entomologie^ 
  Berlin, 
  i, 
  

   no. 
  1, 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  160-171. 
  

  

  In 
  Russia, 
  the 
  Noctuid, 
  Oria 
  (Tapinostola) 
  musculosa, 
  Hb., 
  has 
  been 
  

   reported 
  since 
  1882 
  and 
  specially 
  studied 
  there 
  by 
  Mokrzecki 
  [see 
  

   this 
  Review, 
  Ser. 
  A, 
  ii, 
  p. 
  391]. 
  It 
  was 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  rare 
  in 
  Hung^.ry, 
  

   but 
  in 
  1912, 
  and 
  more 
  especially 
  in 
  1913, 
  it 
  occurred 
  in 
  abundance 
  

   there. 
  The 
  damage 
  done 
  in 
  June 
  resembles 
  that 
  done 
  by 
  Chortophila 
  

   sepia, 
  Mg., 
  and 
  sometimes 
  both 
  species 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  

   stalk. 
  As 
  much 
  as 
  100 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  may 
  be 
  attacked, 
  but 
  

   as 
  a 
  rule, 
  only 
  those 
  portions 
  of 
  a 
  field 
  bordering 
  on 
  a 
  road 
  suffer 
  from 
  

   Oria. 
  The 
  summer 
  generation 
  of 
  Chlorops 
  also 
  attacks 
  the 
  edges 
  

   of 
  the 
  fields 
  and 
  this 
  may 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  Oria 
  is 
  seldom 
  

   reported 
  as 
  a 
  pest. 
  The 
  author 
  refers 
  to 
  Mokrzecki 
  as 
  regards 
  control 
  

   measures 
  [see 
  ref. 
  above.] 
  

  

  