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  and 
  cracks 
  in 
  the 
  stems 
  or 
  in 
  half-open 
  leaves 
  during 
  the 
  dajrtime. 
  

   When 
  at 
  work 
  they 
  make 
  a 
  characteristic 
  noise 
  which 
  has 
  caused 
  the 
  

   natives 
  to 
  give 
  them 
  a 
  special 
  name. 
  The 
  adult 
  beetles 
  hve 
  about 
  7 
  

   months 
  and 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  ; 
  though 
  they 
  do 
  little 
  

   damage 
  compared 
  with 
  that 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  larvae. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  observed 
  

   that 
  when 
  a 
  beetle 
  bites 
  a 
  Ficus 
  leaf, 
  little 
  or 
  no 
  latex 
  flows, 
  and 
  it 
  

   would 
  seem 
  that 
  the 
  saliva 
  of 
  the 
  beetle 
  has 
  the 
  property 
  of 
  hindering 
  

   the 
  flow 
  of 
  latex. 
  The 
  female 
  makes 
  a 
  hole 
  in 
  the 
  bark 
  deep 
  enough 
  

   to 
  reach 
  the 
  bast 
  layer, 
  and 
  inserts 
  her 
  ovipositor 
  in 
  such 
  a 
  way 
  that 
  

   the 
  egg 
  is 
  laid 
  upon 
  the 
  boundary 
  between 
  the 
  bast 
  and 
  the 
  wood. 
  

   The 
  hole 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  ovipositor 
  becomes 
  closed. 
  In 
  7 
  or 
  8 
  days 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  hatch, 
  and 
  escape 
  from 
  the 
  egg 
  in 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  bore- 
  

   hole 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  parent's 
  ovipositor. 
  The 
  hfe-cycle 
  of 
  B. 
  albofasciata 
  

   covers 
  from 
  3 
  to 
  4 
  months 
  on 
  an 
  average, 
  and 
  there 
  are, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  

   more 
  than 
  3 
  generations 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  ; 
  females 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  generation 
  

   give 
  rise 
  to 
  about 
  200 
  individuals, 
  of 
  which 
  about 
  100 
  survive, 
  half 
  of 
  

   them 
  being 
  females. 
  The 
  second 
  generation 
  produces 
  2,500 
  females, 
  

   and 
  it 
  is 
  calculated 
  that 
  in 
  a 
  year, 
  one 
  female 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  progenitor 
  

   of 
  125,000 
  larvae. 
  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  B. 
  albofasciata 
  cannot 
  readily 
  be 
  

   distinguished 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  B. 
  gigas. 
  B. 
  hector, 
  Dej., 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  the 
  

   Coral 
  tree 
  (Erythrina 
  indica), 
  is 
  also 
  common 
  in 
  Ficus 
  plantations 
  

   in 
  Java 
  and 
  Sumatra. 
  

  

  Epepeotes 
  meridianus, 
  Pasc, 
  and 
  E. 
  luscus, 
  F., 
  are 
  common 
  in 
  Java. 
  

   The 
  bore-holes 
  of 
  these 
  species 
  are 
  only 
  about 
  half 
  the 
  diameter 
  of 
  

   those 
  made 
  by 
  Batocera. 
  The 
  eggs 
  hatch 
  in 
  6 
  to 
  7 
  days 
  and 
  the 
  young 
  

   larvae 
  average 
  only 
  2" 
  7 
  mm. 
  in 
  length 
  ; 
  when 
  fully 
  grown 
  they 
  are 
  

   about 
  double 
  this 
  size. 
  The 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  may 
  be 
  known 
  by 
  

   the 
  brownish 
  black 
  frass 
  hanging 
  from 
  the 
  trees. 
  The 
  author 
  says 
  

   that 
  these 
  larvae 
  are 
  cannibals, 
  and 
  from 
  an 
  observation 
  on 
  a 
  piece 
  

   of 
  Ficus 
  wood 
  18 
  inches 
  long 
  by 
  3 
  inches 
  wide, 
  in 
  which 
  74 
  eggs 
  of 
  

   E. 
  meridianus 
  hatched, 
  only 
  12 
  adult 
  larvae 
  survived. 
  When 
  the 
  

   larva 
  has 
  made 
  a 
  burrow 
  in 
  the 
  wood 
  it 
  turns 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  upper 
  layer 
  

   of 
  the 
  bast, 
  and 
  both 
  species 
  of 
  Epepeotes 
  have 
  a 
  habit 
  of 
  maldng 
  a 
  

   circular 
  burrow 
  round 
  the 
  entrance 
  of 
  the 
  bore-hole 
  which 
  frequently 
  

   involves 
  the 
  wood, 
  the 
  adult 
  beetle 
  emerging 
  through 
  an 
  opening 
  in 
  

   this 
  area. 
  The 
  duration 
  of 
  the 
  larval 
  stage 
  is 
  about 
  2 
  months, 
  but 
  

   depends 
  on 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  year, 
  being 
  short 
  during 
  the 
  rainy 
  season 
  and 
  

   prolonged 
  during 
  the 
  east 
  monsoon. 
  When 
  fully 
  grown 
  the 
  larvae 
  pass 
  

   through 
  a 
  resting 
  period. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  also 
  made 
  numerous 
  observations 
  on 
  Olenecamptus 
  

   hilobus, 
  F., 
  the 
  adults 
  of 
  which 
  eat 
  away 
  the 
  leaves 
  from 
  the 
  undersides, 
  

   leaving 
  only 
  the 
  midribs. 
  The 
  females 
  lay 
  their 
  eggs 
  in 
  the 
  smaller 
  

   branches 
  and 
  the 
  bore-holes 
  are 
  barely 
  visible. 
  Both 
  bast 
  and 
  wood 
  

   are 
  consumed 
  ; 
  the 
  hfe-cycle 
  is 
  short, 
  not 
  usually 
  exceeding 
  2 
  months. 
  

   Adults, 
  bred 
  in 
  captivity, 
  hved 
  about 
  3 
  months. 
  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  another 
  

   borer, 
  Neopharsalia 
  vagans, 
  Han., 
  were 
  generally 
  found 
  in 
  dead 
  wood, 
  

   but 
  also 
  occur 
  in 
  fresh 
  Ficus 
  wood. 
  They 
  are 
  somewhat 
  larger 
  than 
  

   those 
  of 
  Olenecamptus. 
  The 
  weevil, 
  Aclees 
  birmanus, 
  Faust, 
  hves 
  

   between 
  the 
  unopened 
  leaves 
  and 
  eats 
  out 
  the 
  red 
  sheath 
  of 
  the 
  

   buds, 
  but 
  also 
  attacks 
  older 
  leaves 
  and 
  damages 
  them 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  

   way 
  as 
  Epepeotes. 
  The 
  female 
  bores 
  a 
  hole 
  in 
  the 
  bast 
  with 
  her 
  

   long 
  proboscis 
  and 
  lays 
  one 
  egg 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  it, 
  generally 
  selecting 
  a 
  

   wound 
  or 
  the 
  broken 
  end 
  of 
  a 
  branch. 
  The 
  larva 
  bores 
  an 
  irregular 
  

  

  