﻿539 
  

  

  and 
  IJ 
  lb. 
  tobacco-extract 
  (10 
  per 
  cent, 
  nicotin) 
  in 
  10 
  gals, 
  water, 
  and 
  

   when 
  used 
  even 
  against 
  the 
  second 
  generation, 
  does 
  not 
  impart 
  a 
  bad 
  

   flavour 
  to 
  the 
  wine. 
  The 
  best 
  results 
  were 
  obtained 
  where 
  both 
  

   generations 
  were 
  sprayed, 
  but 
  if 
  only 
  one 
  apphcation 
  is 
  made, 
  it 
  should 
  

   be 
  against 
  the 
  second 
  generation. 
  The 
  best 
  time 
  for 
  this 
  was 
  during 
  

   10 
  days 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  fortnight 
  of 
  July. 
  In 
  the 
  more 
  severely 
  infested 
  

   districts 
  the 
  yield 
  from 
  treated 
  vineyards 
  was 
  from 
  IJ 
  to 
  5 
  times 
  as 
  

   much 
  as 
  that 
  from 
  untreated 
  ones. 
  A 
  disadvantage 
  of 
  nicotin 
  spray 
  

   is 
  its 
  retarding 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  ripening 
  of 
  the 
  grapes, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  thought 
  

   that 
  by 
  reducing 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  soap 
  this 
  defect 
  may 
  be 
  remedied. 
  

   It 
  also 
  occupies 
  much 
  time 
  at 
  a 
  busy 
  season, 
  if 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  effective 
  ; 
  

   preference 
  should 
  be 
  given 
  to 
  winter 
  treatment. 
  Byctiscus 
  betulae 
  

   (Rhynchites 
  betuleti), 
  Otiorrhynchns 
  sp. 
  and 
  Sparganothis 
  pillerianu 
  did 
  

   little 
  damage. 
  Cacoecia 
  costana 
  did 
  not 
  occur. 
  Only 
  three 
  cases 
  of 
  

   scale 
  infestation 
  were 
  noticed, 
  Pulvinaria 
  vitis 
  being 
  probably 
  con- 
  

   cerned. 
  TetranycJius 
  sp. 
  was 
  injurious 
  in 
  some 
  cases, 
  and 
  nicotin- 
  

   soap 
  was 
  used 
  against 
  it. 
  

  

  Lesne 
  (P.). 
  Les 
  Insectes 
  Nuisibles 
  aux 
  Arbres 
  Fruitiers. 
  [Insects 
  

   harmful 
  to 
  fruit 
  trees.] 
  — 
  Jl. 
  d'Agric. 
  Prat., 
  Paris, 
  i, 
  no. 
  7, 
  

   23rd 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  534-535. 
  

  

  A 
  short 
  account 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  to 
  pears 
  by 
  the 
  Hemip- 
  

   teron 
  Tingis 
  pyri, 
  F., 
  which 
  occurs 
  from 
  May 
  to 
  October, 
  and 
  causes 
  the 
  

   leaves 
  to 
  turn 
  yellow 
  and 
  fall 
  off 
  before 
  their 
  time. 
  Fumigation 
  with 
  

   tobacco 
  fumes 
  in 
  an 
  enveloping 
  tent 
  is 
  the 
  best 
  remedy. 
  Psylla 
  

   pyricola 
  on 
  pears 
  is 
  best 
  combated 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  sprays 
  of 
  soap 
  solution 
  

   and 
  petroleum 
  emulsions 
  or 
  solutions 
  of 
  nicotin 
  ; 
  the 
  follo\\ing 
  

   formula 
  for 
  a 
  nicotin 
  spray 
  being 
  given 
  : 
  — 
  Water 
  100 
  parts 
  by 
  weight, 
  

   sodium 
  carbonate 
  (Solvay) 
  100 
  parts, 
  white 
  soap 
  200 
  parts, 
  nicotin 
  

   (10 
  per 
  cent.), 
  1*33 
  parts. 
  Against 
  Aphis 
  cerasi, 
  persicae, 
  mali 
  and 
  

   pruni 
  on 
  the 
  cherry, 
  peach, 
  apple 
  and 
  plum, 
  respectively, 
  an 
  emulsion 
  

   of 
  petroleum 
  in 
  soapy 
  water 
  is 
  the 
  best. 
  

  

  Chauvigne 
  (A.). 
  L'Hivernage 
  de 
  TEudemis. 
  [The 
  Hibernation 
  of 
  

   Polychrosis 
  botrana.] 
  — 
  Rev. 
  Vitic., 
  Paris, 
  xii, 
  no. 
  1063, 
  30th 
  April 
  

   1914, 
  pp. 
  476-479. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  says 
  that 
  although 
  the 
  Hfe-hi 
  story 
  of 
  Polychrosis 
  has 
  been 
  

   considerably 
  studied, 
  httle 
  is 
  kno^n 
  as 
  to 
  its 
  hibernation, 
  which 
  he 
  

   investigated 
  in 
  1911. 
  He 
  found 
  a 
  hole 
  in 
  the 
  cut 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  wood 
  

   which 
  had 
  been 
  pruned 
  the 
  previous 
  year, 
  corresponding 
  with 
  the 
  

   medullary 
  canal 
  of 
  the 
  twig, 
  and 
  on 
  making 
  a 
  vertical 
  section 
  dis- 
  

   covered 
  pupae 
  of 
  P. 
  botrana 
  at 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  canal 
  just 
  above 
  the 
  

   next 
  knot. 
  Individuals 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  generation, 
  which 
  finish 
  their 
  

   life-cycle 
  before 
  the 
  grapes 
  are 
  gathered, 
  hide 
  themselves 
  in 
  cracks 
  

   and 
  fissures 
  in 
  the 
  vine 
  stocks 
  or 
  the 
  supporting 
  stakes 
  or 
  in 
  the 
  soil. 
  

   The 
  later 
  ones, 
  which 
  are 
  still 
  active 
  larvae 
  when 
  the 
  grapes 
  are 
  

   gathered, 
  often 
  pass 
  in 
  considerable 
  numbers 
  into 
  the 
  vats 
  in 
  the 
  press- 
  

   houses, 
  where 
  they 
  cause 
  anxiety 
  as 
  to 
  their 
  effect 
  upon 
  the 
  quaUty 
  

   of 
  the 
  wine 
  ; 
  others 
  take 
  refuge 
  like 
  their 
  predecessors, 
  while 
  some 
  

   seek 
  the 
  cut 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  twigs 
  as 
  described. 
  In 
  doing 
  this 
  the 
  larva 
  

   throws 
  out 
  behind 
  it 
  the 
  frass 
  which 
  is 
  produced 
  and 
  stops 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  

   it 
  reaches 
  a 
  knot 
  ; 
  the 
  burrow 
  is 
  then 
  somewhat 
  enlarged, 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  

  

  