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  silkworms. 
  The 
  plan 
  adopted 
  is 
  to 
  attach 
  nests 
  containing 
  Hving 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  to 
  the 
  plants, 
  to 
  wait 
  until 
  the 
  perfect 
  insects 
  have 
  emerged, 
  and 
  

   then 
  to 
  collect 
  the 
  nests. 
  It 
  is 
  very 
  important 
  that 
  the 
  plantations 
  

   should 
  be 
  carefully 
  watched 
  to 
  keep 
  away 
  predaceous 
  birds. 
  The 
  author 
  

   thinks 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  great 
  scope 
  for 
  the 
  cultivation 
  of 
  Anaphe, 
  and 
  

   suggests 
  that 
  the 
  natives 
  should 
  be 
  carefully 
  instructed 
  to 
  collect 
  

   the 
  nests 
  in 
  a 
  proper 
  manner, 
  for 
  if 
  they 
  are 
  paid 
  a 
  fair 
  price 
  the 
  

   foundations 
  of 
  an 
  important 
  industry 
  might 
  well 
  be 
  laid. 
  

  

  In 
  order 
  to 
  avoid 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  skin, 
  the 
  nests 
  of 
  A. 
  infracta 
  should 
  

   be 
  manipulated 
  under 
  water 
  and 
  workpeople 
  should 
  wear 
  a 
  mask 
  

   to 
  protect 
  the 
  mouth 
  and 
  eyes, 
  as 
  the 
  irritation 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  broken 
  

   hairs 
  is 
  very 
  serious. 
  If 
  no 
  water 
  can 
  be 
  obtained, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  

   to 
  treat 
  nests 
  dry, 
  the 
  author 
  recommends 
  that 
  the 
  operators 
  should 
  

   wear 
  a 
  veil 
  and 
  smear 
  their 
  hands 
  and 
  arms 
  thickly 
  with 
  soap 
  or 
  some 
  

   greasy 
  substance. 
  The 
  exterior 
  layer 
  of 
  the 
  nest 
  furnishes 
  the 
  most 
  

   valuable 
  silk, 
  the 
  next 
  quahty 
  is 
  supplied 
  by 
  the 
  parchment 
  envelope 
  

   and 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  cocoons 
  is 
  of 
  the 
  least 
  value. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  says 
  that 
  care 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  in 
  storing 
  the 
  raw 
  silk 
  for 
  

   export, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  seriously 
  attacked 
  by 
  rats, 
  mice, 
  ants, 
  etc. 
  It 
  must 
  

   also 
  be 
  kept 
  thoroughly 
  dry, 
  because 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  moisture 
  

   wiU 
  penetrate 
  the 
  whole 
  mass 
  and 
  render 
  it 
  useless 
  for 
  commercial 
  

   purposes. 
  

  

  AzEMARD 
  ( 
  — 
  ). 
  Les 
  Insectes 
  parasites 
  des 
  Arachides 
  au 
  Senegal. 
  [Insect 
  

   pests 
  of 
  the 
  ground-nut 
  in 
  Senegal.] 
  — 
  VAgron. 
  Colon., 
  Paris, 
  i, 
  

   no. 
  10, 
  30th 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  106-110. 
  

  

  Ground-nuts, 
  while 
  still 
  growing, 
  are 
  attacked 
  by 
  termites, 
  especially 
  

   a 
  week 
  or 
  two 
  before 
  harvest, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  an 
  Elaterid 
  beetle, 
  

   though 
  really 
  serious 
  damage 
  is 
  confined 
  to 
  very 
  restricted 
  areas. 
  

   When 
  stored, 
  various 
  insects 
  attack 
  them 
  ; 
  of 
  these 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  

   seem 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  PyraUd 
  moth, 
  Plodia 
  inter 
  jpunctella, 
  and 
  

   of 
  the 
  Tenebrionid 
  beetle, 
  Triholium 
  confusum. 
  Termites 
  pierce 
  the 
  

   outer 
  covering 
  or 
  pod 
  and 
  may 
  or 
  may 
  not 
  do 
  further 
  damage 
  ; 
  in 
  

   some 
  cases 
  the 
  entire 
  nut 
  is 
  eaten 
  away, 
  while 
  in 
  others 
  the 
  nut 
  itself 
  

   remains 
  intact 
  or 
  is 
  only 
  sHghtly 
  damaged. 
  The 
  Elaterid 
  larvae 
  

   attack 
  the 
  nut 
  in 
  exactly 
  the 
  same 
  way. 
  Fortunately 
  these 
  pests 
  

   are 
  confined 
  to 
  a 
  Hmited 
  area 
  of 
  Senegal, 
  and 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  damaged 
  

   nuts 
  is 
  small. 
  Triholium 
  confusum 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  Senegal 
  and 
  multi- 
  

   plies 
  abundantly 
  in 
  the 
  heaps 
  of 
  stored 
  nuts. 
  In 
  1913, 
  from 
  February 
  

   to 
  July, 
  it 
  caused 
  damage 
  to 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  6 
  to 
  30 
  per 
  cent, 
  in 
  various 
  

   consignments 
  placed 
  under 
  observation. 
  Fumigating 
  with 
  carbon 
  

   bisulphide 
  and 
  with 
  hydrocyanic 
  acid 
  was 
  attempted, 
  but 
  without 
  

   much 
  success. 
  The 
  adults 
  of 
  Plodia 
  interpunctella 
  lay 
  their 
  eggs 
  

   among 
  the 
  stored 
  nuts, 
  attacking 
  particularly 
  those 
  which 
  have 
  

   suffered 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  from 
  termites 
  or 
  Elaterids. 
  Neither 
  T. 
  confusum 
  

   nor 
  P. 
  interpunctella 
  cause 
  really 
  serious 
  damage, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  desirable 
  

   nevertheless 
  to 
  ehminate 
  them 
  where 
  possible. 
  Getting 
  rid 
  at 
  once 
  

   of 
  nuts 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  attacked 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  will 
  diminish 
  the 
  breeding 
  

   facilities 
  of 
  the 
  insects. 
  The 
  saw- 
  toothed 
  grain 
  beetle, 
  Silvanus 
  

   surinamensis, 
  is 
  also 
  to 
  be 
  reckoned 
  as 
  a 
  pest, 
  though 
  as 
  a 
  rule 
  the 
  

   damage 
  done 
  by 
  it 
  is 
  small. 
  

  

  