﻿556 
  

  

  Lafforgue 
  (G.). 
  Les 
  bouillies 
  cupriques 
  mouillantes. 
  [Copper 
  sul- 
  

   phate 
  wetting 
  sprays.] 
  — 
  La 
  Vie 
  Agric. 
  et 
  Rur., 
  Paris, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  22, 
  

   2nd 
  May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  611-614. 
  

  

  Soap, 
  gelatin, 
  casein 
  and 
  saponin 
  are 
  the 
  " 
  sticking 
  " 
  agents 
  discussed 
  

   in 
  this 
  article. 
  Saponin 
  and 
  similar 
  compounds 
  are 
  foimd 
  in 
  Quillaia 
  

   saponaria, 
  in 
  the 
  pericarp 
  of 
  Sapindus 
  utilis, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  chestnut. 
  

   The 
  advantage 
  of 
  saponin 
  solutions 
  lies 
  in 
  their 
  adaptabiUty 
  to 
  neutral 
  

   or 
  sHghtly 
  acid 
  solutions. 
  They 
  facilitate 
  the 
  emulsification 
  of 
  bodies 
  

   insoluble 
  in 
  water, 
  such 
  as 
  oils, 
  etc., 
  but 
  do 
  not 
  interfere 
  with 
  the 
  

   solubihty 
  of 
  copper 
  salts, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  resultant 
  sprays 
  keep 
  their 
  

   immediate 
  intensity 
  of 
  action. 
  It 
  is, 
  however, 
  difficult 
  to 
  obtain 
  

   Sapindus 
  commercially, 
  and 
  the 
  " 
  sticking 
  " 
  power 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  great. 
  

   The 
  mode 
  of 
  preparation 
  is 
  that 
  given 
  by 
  Gastine 
  [see 
  this 
  Review, 
  

   A, 
  ii, 
  p. 
  123]. 
  

  

  PiCARD 
  (¥.). 
  Un 
  insecte 
  nuisible 
  aux 
  vignes 
  r6cemment 
  plant§es 
  : 
  le 
  

  

  Nysius 
  senecionis. 
  [Nysius 
  senecionis, 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  newly-planted 
  

   vines.] 
  — 
  La 
  Vie 
  Agric. 
  et 
  Rur., 
  Paris, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  22, 
  2nd 
  May 
  1914, 
  

   pp. 
  610-611. 
  

  

  Replanting 
  is 
  always 
  accompanied 
  by 
  an 
  increase 
  of 
  the 
  enemies 
  

   of 
  young 
  grafts. 
  One 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  a 
  Hemipteron 
  which 
  sensibly 
  injured 
  

   newly-planted 
  vines 
  in 
  Aude, 
  Herault 
  and 
  Gard 
  in 
  1912 
  and 
  1913, 
  

   though 
  nearly 
  unknown 
  previously. 
  Nysius 
  senecionis, 
  SchiU, 
  is 
  a 
  

   bug 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  family 
  Lygaeidae. 
  It 
  was 
  first 
  observed 
  in 
  

   Vaucluse 
  in 
  1869 
  by 
  Lichtenstein, 
  and 
  since 
  then 
  has 
  been 
  reported 
  

   from 
  Aude, 
  Algeria 
  and 
  Tunisia. 
  In 
  association 
  with 
  L. 
  Semichon, 
  

   the 
  author 
  studied 
  it 
  in 
  1912, 
  when 
  its 
  attack 
  was 
  general 
  and 
  severe 
  

   to 
  a 
  degree 
  unknown 
  till 
  then 
  in 
  French 
  vineyards, 
  though 
  equalled 
  

   in 
  1913. 
  The 
  most 
  careful 
  observations 
  were 
  made 
  at 
  Ginestas, 
  near 
  

   Narbonne, 
  where 
  some 
  twelve 
  acres, 
  newly 
  planted 
  with 
  riparia- 
  

   rupestris 
  vines, 
  were 
  so 
  thickly 
  infested 
  by 
  Nysius 
  that 
  the 
  plants 
  and 
  

   ground 
  appeared 
  black 
  in 
  some 
  places, 
  and 
  the 
  leaves 
  withered 
  rapidly 
  

   from 
  their 
  attacks. 
  One- 
  third 
  of 
  the 
  vines 
  were 
  withered 
  and 
  apparently 
  

   destroyed. 
  The 
  infestation 
  had 
  begun 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  previously, 
  when 
  

   ploughing 
  had 
  been 
  done 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  free 
  the 
  vineyard 
  from 
  a 
  weed 
  

   {Diplotaxis 
  erucoides). 
  This 
  undoubtedly 
  caused 
  the 
  trouble 
  by 
  

   depriving 
  Nysius 
  of 
  its 
  usual 
  food. 
  Elsewhere, 
  observations 
  during 
  

   two 
  years 
  have 
  shown 
  that 
  Nysius 
  infestation 
  always 
  occurred 
  in 
  

   newly-planted 
  vineyards 
  where 
  Diplotaxis 
  erucoides 
  grew, 
  and 
  always 
  

   began 
  immediately 
  after 
  a 
  summer 
  ploughing. 
  In 
  one 
  case 
  older 
  

   plants 
  were 
  attacked, 
  but 
  they 
  were 
  close 
  to 
  young 
  ones. 
  At 
  

   Bages, 
  the 
  Diplotaxis 
  around 
  the 
  vines 
  were 
  covered 
  with 
  

   thousands 
  of 
  Nysius, 
  but 
  the 
  vines 
  were 
  not 
  attacked. 
  Vine- 
  

   yards 
  of 
  two 
  or 
  three-year-old 
  vines 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  ploughed 
  in 
  

   July 
  if 
  Nysius 
  has 
  been 
  noticed 
  on 
  Diplotaxis 
  growing 
  in 
  them, 
  

   and 
  in 
  spring 
  this 
  plant 
  should 
  be 
  prevented 
  from 
  growing. 
  

   Failing 
  this 
  simple 
  cultural 
  remedy, 
  the 
  following 
  petroleum-soap 
  

   emulsion 
  will 
  give 
  good 
  results, 
  if 
  quickly 
  apphed, 
  as 
  the 
  damage 
  is 
  

   done 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  few 
  days 
  : 
  — 
  Sulphate 
  of 
  copper 
  2 
  lb., 
  black 
  soap 
  2 
  lb., 
  

   petroleum 
  16 
  lb., 
  water 
  20 
  gals. 
  The 
  sulphate 
  may 
  be 
  dispensed 
  with, 
  

   but 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  petroleum, 
  the 
  emulsion 
  must 
  be 
  

   made 
  with 
  the 
  greatest 
  care. 
  Another 
  preferable 
  method 
  is 
  to 
  drive 
  

  

  