﻿578 
  

  

  caterpillar 
  as 
  food 
  for 
  its 
  own 
  larvae. 
  A 
  fly, 
  Agromyzanigripes, 
  oviposits 
  

   under 
  the 
  epidermis 
  of 
  lucerne 
  leaves. 
  The 
  larvae 
  bore 
  into 
  the 
  

   parenchyma 
  and 
  a 
  whitish 
  spot 
  appears 
  on 
  the 
  leaf. 
  The 
  best 
  control 
  

   measure 
  is 
  to 
  cut 
  the 
  lucerne 
  on 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  spots 
  before 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  abandon 
  the 
  plant 
  to 
  pupate 
  in 
  the 
  soil, 
  thus 
  preventing 
  

   subsequent 
  generations. 
  

  

  Severin 
  (H. 
  H. 
  p.) 
  & 
  Severin 
  (H. 
  C). 
  Behaviour 
  of 
  the 
  Mediter- 
  

   ranean 
  Fruit 
  Fly 
  (Ceratitis 
  capitata, 
  Wied.) 
  towards 
  Kerosene. 
  — 
  Jl. 
  

   Animal 
  Behaviour, 
  Boston, 
  iv, 
  no, 
  3, 
  May- 
  June 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  223-227. 
  

  

  In 
  experiments 
  made 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  kerosene 
  on 
  

   the 
  Mediterranean 
  Fruit 
  Fly 
  (Ceratitis 
  capitata) 
  in 
  Honolulu, 
  Hawaii, 
  

   pans 
  3 
  J 
  inches 
  deep 
  and 
  12 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter 
  were 
  fastened 
  to 
  the 
  

   lower 
  branches 
  of 
  fruit 
  trees. 
  It 
  was 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  

   pan 
  made 
  no 
  difference 
  to 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  flies 
  caught. 
  The 
  treea 
  

   experimented 
  with 
  were 
  guava, 
  navel-orange 
  and 
  Java 
  plum 
  ; 
  of 
  

   these 
  the 
  largest 
  number 
  of 
  flies 
  were 
  caught 
  in 
  the 
  pans 
  on 
  the 
  Java 
  

   plum, 
  and 
  the 
  smallest 
  on 
  the 
  guava. 
  The 
  kerosene 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  

   attract 
  the 
  males 
  almost 
  exclusively, 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  females 
  trapped 
  

   being 
  only 
  about 
  3 
  per 
  1,000. 
  

  

  Fletcher 
  (T. 
  B.). 
  Note 
  on 
  the 
  Green 
  Scale 
  of 
  Coffee 
  (Lecanium 
  

   viride). 
  — 
  Coorg 
  Gaz, 
  Press, 
  Mercara, 
  1st 
  June 
  1914, 
  3 
  pp. 
  

  

  The 
  green 
  scale 
  of 
  cofiee, 
  Coccus 
  viridis 
  (Lecanium 
  viride), 
  is 
  generally 
  

   found 
  near 
  the 
  tips 
  of 
  branches, 
  either 
  clustered 
  in 
  masses 
  along 
  the 
  

   tender 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  twigs 
  or 
  on 
  the 
  leaves. 
  It 
  damages 
  the 
  plant 
  

   by 
  sucking 
  the 
  juices 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  its 
  thread-Hke 
  mouth-parts 
  ; 
  when 
  

   the 
  scale 
  is 
  present 
  in 
  large 
  numbers 
  the 
  drain 
  on 
  the 
  plant 
  juices 
  is 
  

   considerable, 
  and 
  the 
  plant 
  may 
  in 
  severe 
  cases 
  be 
  killed 
  outright. 
  

   The 
  green 
  scale 
  was 
  introduced 
  into 
  Coorg 
  a 
  year 
  ago 
  and 
  has 
  spread 
  

   throughout 
  North 
  and 
  South 
  Coorg, 
  and 
  has 
  hitherto 
  only 
  been 
  found 
  

   on 
  cofiee. 
  The 
  young 
  scale 
  is 
  able 
  to 
  move 
  fairly 
  freely, 
  and 
  dispersion 
  

   is 
  aided 
  by 
  ants, 
  which 
  seek 
  out 
  the 
  scales 
  for 
  the 
  sake 
  of 
  the 
  honey- 
  

   dew 
  yielded 
  by 
  the 
  insect. 
  When 
  their 
  excretion 
  falls 
  on 
  leaves 
  a 
  black, 
  

   sooty 
  fungus 
  grows 
  on 
  it, 
  and 
  though 
  this 
  may 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  other 
  

   insects 
  also, 
  it 
  serves 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  means 
  of 
  recognising 
  the 
  presence 
  

   of 
  scales. 
  

  

  The 
  life-cycle 
  of 
  the 
  scale 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  worked 
  out 
  in 
  Coorg, 
  but 
  it 
  

   is 
  probably 
  quite 
  short, 
  a 
  month 
  or 
  less. 
  The 
  females 
  reproduce 
  par- 
  

   thenogenetically, 
  the 
  male 
  being 
  unknown 
  ; 
  incubation 
  occurs 
  within 
  

   the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  parent, 
  and 
  the 
  increase 
  is 
  very 
  rapid. 
  No 
  practical 
  

   means 
  for 
  the 
  extermination 
  of 
  the 
  pest 
  have 
  been 
  devised 
  ; 
  the 
  best 
  

   means 
  of 
  checking 
  the 
  spread 
  consists 
  of 
  spraying 
  the 
  plants 
  with 
  a 
  

   contact 
  insecticide, 
  made 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  One 
  pound 
  of 
  ordinary 
  washing 
  

   soda 
  is 
  boiled 
  in 
  one 
  gallon 
  of 
  water, 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  boiling 
  solution 
  are 
  

   added 
  two 
  pounds 
  of 
  finely 
  powdered 
  fir-tree 
  rosin 
  ; 
  the 
  solution 
  is 
  

   boiled, 
  small 
  quantities 
  of 
  cold 
  water 
  being 
  added 
  at 
  intervals, 
  until 
  

   the 
  liquid 
  (now 
  about 
  three 
  gallons) 
  becomes 
  clear 
  and 
  thin, 
  like 
  

   clear 
  cofiee. 
  This 
  is 
  diluted 
  to 
  about 
  one 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  rosin 
  compound 
  

   to 
  six 
  of 
  water, 
  the 
  dilution 
  being 
  made 
  whilst 
  the 
  mixture 
  is 
  still 
  hot. 
  

   The 
  addition 
  of 
  soap 
  makes 
  the 
  mixture 
  more 
  efiective 
  ; 
  for 
  brushing. 
  

  

  