﻿579 
  

  

  sufficient 
  soap 
  must 
  be 
  added 
  to 
  give 
  the 
  requisite 
  lather. 
  In 
  spray- 
  

   ing, 
  the 
  under 
  surfaces 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  must 
  be 
  given 
  special 
  attention. 
  

   Brushing 
  is 
  probably 
  equally 
  efficient 
  for 
  killing 
  the 
  scales, 
  but 
  is 
  much 
  

   slower 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  therefore 
  more 
  suitable 
  for 
  small 
  areas, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  small 
  

   holdings 
  where 
  the 
  owners 
  do 
  the 
  work 
  themselves 
  and 
  cannot 
  afford 
  

   sprayers. 
  Pruning 
  the 
  affected 
  bushes 
  and 
  burning 
  the 
  prunings, 
  

   and 
  also 
  burning 
  the 
  scales 
  on 
  the 
  bushes 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  blow-lamp, 
  

   have 
  been 
  tried, 
  but 
  are 
  not 
  recommended. 
  Treatment 
  should 
  be 
  

   carried 
  out 
  more 
  than 
  once, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  destroy 
  scales 
  that 
  escape 
  the 
  

   first 
  time. 
  Further 
  attention 
  is 
  being 
  directed 
  to 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  

   the 
  natural 
  enemies 
  of 
  the 
  green 
  scale, 
  which 
  at 
  present 
  seems 
  fairly 
  

   exempt. 
  

  

  MoRSTATT 
  (H.). 
  Die 
  Schadlinge 
  der 
  Baumwolle 
  in 
  Deutsch-Ostafrika. 
  

  

  [Cotton 
  pests 
  in 
  German 
  East 
  Africa.] 
  — 
  Beiheft 
  zum 
  Pflanzer, 
  / 
  

  

  Dar-es-Salaam, 
  x, 
  no. 
  1, 
  1914, 
  50 
  pp., 
  3 
  pis. 
  

  

  A 
  descriptive 
  Kst 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  following 
  insect-pests 
  of 
  cotton 
  in 
  

   German 
  East 
  Africa 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  The 
  winged 
  swarms 
  of 
  ScMstocerca 
  jperegrina, 
  OUv., 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  

   troublesome 
  up 
  to 
  now, 
  and 
  Zonocerus 
  elegans, 
  Thunb., 
  has 
  been 
  

   recorded 
  once 
  only, 
  from 
  Tabora, 
  where 
  masses 
  of 
  young 
  hoppers 
  

   attacked 
  the 
  leaves 
  from 
  October 
  to 
  December. 
  The 
  latter 
  locust 
  is 
  

   of 
  less 
  importance, 
  because 
  it 
  usually 
  occurs 
  only 
  from 
  October 
  to 
  

   April, 
  when 
  cotton 
  is 
  not 
  at 
  its 
  period 
  of 
  maximum 
  growth, 
  and 
  more- 
  

   over 
  the 
  egg-clusters 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  are 
  mostly 
  destroyed 
  by 
  cultivation. 
  

  

  Amongst 
  the 
  Coleopterous 
  pests 
  Popillia 
  hilaris, 
  Kraatz, 
  is 
  common 
  

   in 
  Usambara, 
  where 
  it 
  feeds 
  on 
  the 
  cotton 
  leaf 
  ; 
  the 
  wheat 
  beetle, 
  

   Tenebrioides 
  (Trogosita) 
  mauretanicus, 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  seed, 
  as 
  also 
  is 
  

   the 
  biscuit 
  beetle, 
  Laemophloeus 
  pusillus, 
  F 
  ., 
  while 
  the 
  saw-toothed 
  grain 
  - 
  

   beetle 
  (Silvanus 
  surinamensis, 
  F.) 
  occurs 
  in 
  imported 
  seed. 
  The 
  lady- 
  

   birds, 
  Epilachna 
  similis, 
  Thunb., 
  E. 
  matronula, 
  Wse., 
  and 
  E. 
  poly- 
  

   morpha, 
  Gerst., 
  occasionally 
  injure 
  the 
  leaves, 
  and 
  Alesia 
  striata, 
  F., 
  is 
  

   also 
  found 
  on 
  cotton, 
  but 
  is 
  a 
  useful 
  insect, 
  as 
  it 
  feeds 
  on 
  aphids. 
  Apate 
  

   monachus, 
  F., 
  was 
  noticed 
  only 
  once 
  on 
  Egyptian 
  cotton 
  at 
  Bagamoyo 
  

   and 
  a 
  smaller 
  beetle 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  family, 
  often 
  seen 
  at 
  Kilossa, 
  only 
  

   occurred 
  on 
  dying 
  plants. 
  KranzHn 
  records 
  a 
  small 
  brown 
  Elaterid 
  

   as 
  causing 
  injury 
  to 
  young 
  plants, 
  while 
  the 
  Buprestid 
  Sphenoptera 
  

   neglecta, 
  Klug, 
  which 
  is 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  S. 
  gossypii, 
  Kerr., 
  and 
  

   native 
  to 
  German 
  East 
  Africa, 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  found 
  injuring 
  cotton, 
  

   though 
  it 
  does 
  so 
  in 
  the 
  Sudan. 
  Mylabris 
  bizonata, 
  Gerst., 
  feeds 
  on 
  

   the 
  leaves, 
  and 
  the 
  numerous 
  species 
  of 
  ChrysomeHds 
  only 
  occasion- 
  

   ally 
  increase 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  economically 
  important. 
  According 
  to 
  

   Kranzlin, 
  Syagrus 
  puncticollis, 
  Lefevre, 
  feeds 
  by 
  night 
  on 
  the 
  stems 
  

   of 
  quite 
  young 
  plants, 
  causing 
  them 
  to 
  give 
  way 
  at 
  the 
  injured 
  spot 
  ; 
  

   it 
  also 
  attacks 
  the 
  leaves. 
  The 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  beetle 
  coincides 
  

   with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  heavy 
  rains, 
  and 
  development 
  is 
  beUeved 
  to 
  take 
  

   place 
  in 
  the 
  soil. 
  Captive 
  individuals 
  refused 
  Upland 
  cotton, 
  offered 
  

   instead 
  of 
  Egyptian. 
  Efficient 
  control 
  was 
  obtained 
  by 
  collection 
  and 
  

   the 
  subsequent 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  in 
  water 
  to 
  which 
  some 
  

   petroleum 
  had 
  been 
  added. 
  A 
  beetle 
  attacking 
  the 
  enveloping 
  leaves 
  

   of 
  immature 
  cotton 
  bolls 
  is 
  beheved 
  to 
  be 
  Ootheca 
  mutabilis, 
  Sahib. 
  

   Apion 
  xanthostylum, 
  Wagn., 
  is 
  a 
  most 
  dangerous 
  cotton 
  pest, 
  damaging 
  

  

  (C76) 
  A 
  2 
  

  

  