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  ZscHOKKE 
  (A.). 
  Die 
  Bekampfung 
  des 
  Heu- 
  und 
  Sauerwurmes 
  mit 
  

   Nikotinseifenbrtihen. 
  [Control 
  of 
  the 
  vine 
  moth 
  with 
  nicotin- 
  

   soap 
  mixture.] 
  — 
  Weinbau 
  der 
  Rheinpfalz, 
  Neustadt 
  a. 
  Hdt., 
  ii, 
  

   no. 
  9, 
  1st 
  May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  95-100. 
  

  

  Nicotin 
  was 
  introduced 
  as 
  a 
  control 
  into 
  the 
  Palatinate 
  10 
  years 
  

   after 
  the 
  present 
  vine 
  moth 
  period 
  began. 
  The 
  French 
  " 
  nicotine 
  

   titree 
  " 
  was 
  originally 
  used 
  — 
  six 
  years 
  ago 
  — 
  but 
  the 
  quantity 
  available 
  

   proved 
  insufficient 
  ; 
  American 
  tobacco 
  was 
  imported 
  and 
  found 
  

   superior 
  to 
  French, 
  Alsatian, 
  or 
  crude 
  nicotin. 
  Loss 
  of 
  bloom 
  and 
  

   retardation 
  of 
  ripening 
  are 
  among 
  the 
  disadvantages 
  of 
  nicotin-soap. 
  

   The 
  latter 
  defect 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  soap, 
  and 
  this 
  ingredient 
  has 
  been 
  

   gradually 
  reduced 
  to 
  one-sixth 
  of 
  the 
  amount 
  employed 
  in 
  1910 
  and 
  

   the 
  quality 
  selected 
  is 
  as 
  neutral 
  as 
  possible. 
  In 
  consequence 
  it 
  is 
  

   hoped 
  that 
  ripening 
  will 
  be 
  normal 
  in 
  1914. 
  The 
  vine-growers' 
  

   association 
  is 
  compounding 
  the 
  concentrated 
  nicotin-soap 
  mixture 
  

   to 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  1914. 
  Twenty 
  gallons 
  of 
  diluted 
  spray 
  will 
  contain 
  4Joz. 
  

   of 
  10 
  per 
  cent, 
  nicotin 
  (produced 
  by 
  the 
  Austrian 
  Eegie) 
  and 
  16 
  oz. 
  

   of 
  soap, 
  and 
  the 
  requisite 
  quantity 
  of 
  concentrated 
  mixture 
  to 
  produce 
  

   this 
  will 
  cost 
  about 
  25. 
  6<i., 
  tins 
  included. 
  Over 
  6,000 
  gals, 
  of 
  mixture 
  

   have 
  been 
  prepared, 
  the 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  association 
  alone 
  taking 
  over 
  

   4,600 
  gals. 
  Growers 
  must 
  carefuUy 
  watch 
  for 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  

   moths 
  in 
  their 
  particular 
  locaUty, 
  as 
  the 
  correct 
  date 
  for 
  spraying 
  is 
  of 
  

   the 
  highest 
  importance. 
  The 
  best 
  results 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  obtained 
  if 
  

   both 
  generations 
  are 
  sprayed 
  for. 
  Many 
  attempts 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  

   to 
  combine 
  treatment 
  against 
  Peronospora 
  with 
  that 
  against 
  the 
  vine 
  

   moth, 
  and 
  they 
  have 
  usually 
  failed 
  because 
  the 
  soap 
  combines 
  with 
  

   the 
  excess 
  of 
  hme 
  in 
  the 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture. 
  The 
  author 
  thinks 
  that 
  

   if 
  the 
  above 
  nicotin-soap 
  mixture 
  be 
  made 
  up 
  with 
  a 
  weak 
  Bordeaux 
  

   mixture 
  the 
  result 
  will 
  be 
  satisfactory, 
  as 
  both 
  soap 
  and 
  Hme 
  will 
  

   only 
  be 
  present 
  in 
  small 
  quantities. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  reason 
  to 
  fear 
  any 
  

   bad 
  flavour 
  in 
  the 
  wine 
  made 
  from 
  nicotin-sprayed 
  grapes. 
  This 
  

   defect 
  was 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  large 
  quantity 
  of 
  soap 
  formerly 
  used 
  and 
  should 
  

   no 
  longer 
  be 
  possible. 
  The 
  author 
  considers 
  nicotin-soap 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  

   best 
  of 
  the 
  chemical 
  controls 
  against 
  the 
  vine 
  moth, 
  but 
  growers 
  must 
  

   remember 
  that 
  winter-control 
  against 
  the 
  pupae 
  is 
  still 
  the 
  most 
  

   important 
  measure 
  of 
  all. 
  

  

  P. 
  F. 
  Zur 
  Reblausbekampfung. 
  [Phylloxera 
  control.] 
  — 
  Luxemhurger 
  

   Weinztg., 
  Grevenmacher, 
  ii, 
  no. 
  9, 
  1st 
  May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  132-134. 
  

  

  Figures 
  are 
  given 
  regarding 
  the 
  spread 
  of 
  Phylloxera 
  in 
  the 
  neigh- 
  

   bourhood 
  of 
  Metz. 
  From 
  1876 
  to 
  1904 
  — 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  28 
  years 
  — 
  about 
  

   322 
  acres 
  (including 
  the 
  safety 
  belts) 
  were 
  destroyed. 
  In 
  1904, 
  control 
  

   was 
  abandoned, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  nine 
  years 
  up 
  to 
  1913 
  about 
  315 
  acres 
  were 
  

   destroyed, 
  while 
  the 
  vines 
  in 
  about 
  352 
  acres 
  are 
  seriously 
  affected. 
  

   Luxemburg 
  vine-growers 
  must 
  continue 
  to 
  practice 
  control 
  if 
  similar 
  

   disastrous 
  results 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  avoided. 
  In 
  1907, 
  the 
  infested 
  stocks 
  in 
  

   the 
  Grand 
  Duchy 
  were 
  3,245, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  six 
  years 
  up 
  to 
  1913 
  this 
  

   number 
  has 
  only 
  increased 
  to 
  5,596, 
  so 
  that 
  control 
  is 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  

   justified. 
  Although 
  the 
  author 
  recognises 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  American 
  

   stocks, 
  he 
  points 
  out 
  that 
  their 
  introduction 
  involves 
  difficulties 
  greater 
  

   than 
  those 
  which 
  occur 
  at 
  present. 
  

  

  