﻿587 
  

  

  Martin 
  (J. 
  B.) 
  Utility 
  du 
  papillonnage 
  contre 
  la 
  Cochylis 
  et 
  rEud^mis. 
  

   Une 
  chasse 
  int^ressante. 
  [The 
  utility 
  of 
  moth 
  destruction 
  in 
  the 
  

   control 
  of 
  Clysia 
  and 
  Polychrosis.] 
  — 
  Rev. 
  Vitic, 
  Paris 
  , 
  xli, 
  

   no. 
  1064, 
  7th 
  May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  505-508. 
  

  

  During 
  1910 
  and 
  1913 
  the 
  Touraine 
  vine-growers 
  suffered 
  a 
  loss 
  of 
  

   about 
  £2,000,000 
  through 
  Clysia 
  and 
  Polychrosis. 
  The 
  outbreak 
  in 
  

   September 
  1913 
  was 
  so 
  severe 
  and 
  unexpected 
  that 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  vine- 
  

   growers 
  succeeded 
  in 
  saving 
  their 
  vintage, 
  among 
  them 
  M. 
  Leger, 
  

   in 
  Chinonais, 
  who 
  adopted 
  the 
  following 
  measures 
  : 
  — 
  On 
  the 
  first 
  

   moths 
  appearing 
  in 
  May, 
  steps 
  were 
  taken 
  to 
  capture 
  them. 
  Two 
  

   rows 
  of 
  vines 
  were 
  dealt 
  with 
  by 
  three 
  men, 
  one 
  placed 
  between 
  the 
  

   rows 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  two 
  on 
  either 
  side 
  of 
  them. 
  The 
  most 
  suitable 
  

   times 
  are 
  from 
  about 
  6 
  p.m. 
  to 
  nightfall 
  and 
  at 
  daybreak, 
  just 
  after 
  

   the 
  dew 
  has 
  fallen. 
  The 
  vines 
  are 
  hghtly 
  shaken 
  and 
  the 
  moths 
  

   watched 
  as 
  they 
  fly 
  away, 
  and 
  the 
  spot 
  where 
  they 
  ahght 
  being 
  noted, 
  

   they 
  are 
  easily 
  crushed 
  between 
  the 
  hands 
  as 
  they 
  rise 
  again. 
  In 
  one 
  

   vineyard 
  of 
  about 
  2 
  J 
  acres 
  about 
  100 
  were 
  killed 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May 
  

   and 
  517 
  in 
  another 
  of 
  about 
  6 
  J 
  acres. 
  The 
  larvae 
  were 
  also 
  collected 
  

   by 
  hand 
  during 
  the 
  second 
  half 
  of 
  June, 
  about 
  11,000 
  being 
  thus 
  

   destroyed. 
  A 
  few 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  generation 
  appeared 
  on 
  the 
  

   3rd 
  July, 
  but 
  only 
  became 
  numerous 
  on 
  the 
  16th, 
  when 
  work 
  was 
  

   started. 
  In 
  the 
  smaller 
  vineyard 
  311 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  generation 
  

   were 
  killed 
  and 
  1,976 
  in 
  the 
  larger. 
  On 
  the 
  8th 
  of 
  August 
  injury 
  to 
  

   the 
  grapes 
  was 
  noticed 
  and 
  injured 
  fruit 
  were 
  picked 
  on 
  the 
  20th. 
  

   Calculations 
  show 
  that 
  about 
  416,000 
  larvae 
  were 
  destroyed 
  in 
  this 
  

   way 
  in 
  the 
  red 
  vines. 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  white 
  vines 
  the 
  injured 
  grapes 
  

   are 
  picked 
  at 
  vintage 
  time, 
  a 
  quantity 
  equivalent 
  to 
  3J 
  casks 
  of 
  wine 
  

   being 
  removed 
  on 
  the 
  23rd 
  September. 
  The 
  above 
  work 
  shows 
  that 
  

   less 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  by 
  the 
  first 
  than 
  by 
  the 
  second 
  generation. 
  The 
  

   ratio 
  between 
  the 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  and 
  second 
  generation 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  

   vineyards 
  being 
  as 
  1 
  : 
  3*11 
  and 
  1 
  : 
  3'8 
  respectively. 
  The 
  bunches 
  of 
  

   grapes 
  were 
  also 
  dusted 
  with 
  Hme 
  and 
  sulphur. 
  Arsenicals 
  had 
  not, 
  

   however, 
  been 
  used 
  against 
  the 
  first 
  generation, 
  as 
  the 
  outbreak 
  was 
  

   unexpected. 
  M. 
  Leger 
  considers 
  that 
  control 
  of 
  all 
  stages 
  of 
  Clysia 
  

   is 
  absolutely 
  necessary. 
  It 
  cost 
  him 
  about 
  £7 
  in 
  extra 
  labour 
  and 
  

   the 
  loss 
  of 
  five 
  casks 
  of 
  wine, 
  but 
  he 
  saved 
  two-thirds 
  of 
  his 
  vintage, 
  

   amounting 
  to 
  about 
  100 
  casks 
  of 
  wine. 
  Those 
  of 
  his 
  neighbours 
  who 
  

   had 
  neglected 
  control 
  lost 
  practically 
  everjrthing. 
  

  

  Mallet 
  (R.). 
  Les 
  Bouillies 
  cupriques. 
  [Copper 
  sprays.] 
  — 
  Rev. 
  Vitic. 
  , 
  

   Paris, 
  xli, 
  no. 
  1064, 
  7th 
  May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  520-522. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  data 
  are 
  given 
  in 
  an 
  article 
  on 
  copper 
  sprays 
  for 
  

   combating 
  the 
  black-rot 
  disease. 
  Copper 
  sulphate, 
  which 
  is 
  usually 
  

   employed 
  in 
  making 
  up 
  the 
  solutions, 
  should 
  be 
  98-99 
  per 
  cent, 
  pure, 
  

   equivalent 
  to 
  25 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  pure 
  copper. 
  When 
  buying 
  a 
  commercial 
  

   solution 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  copper 
  percentage 
  is 
  given, 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  sufiicient 
  

   to 
  multiply 
  that 
  figure 
  by 
  4 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  obtain 
  the 
  percentage 
  of 
  copper 
  

   sulphate. 
  The 
  latter 
  chemical 
  is 
  often 
  adulterated 
  with 
  iron 
  sulphate, 
  

   the 
  presence 
  of 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  readily 
  detected 
  by 
  adding 
  some 
  

   ammonia, 
  iron 
  oxide 
  being 
  formed. 
  Copper 
  acetates 
  (verdigris) 
  

   contain 
  31-34 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  pure 
  copper 
  and 
  are 
  also 
  used 
  in 
  compound- 
  

   ing 
  sprays. 
  The 
  spray 
  solutions 
  are 
  neutralised 
  — 
  and 
  rendered 
  

  

  