﻿588 
  

  

  adhesive 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  — 
  by 
  an 
  addition 
  of 
  " 
  f 
  at 
  " 
  lime 
  or 
  sodium 
  

   carbonate. 
  The 
  latter 
  must 
  be 
  90 
  per 
  cent. 
  pure. 
  An 
  excess 
  of 
  these 
  

   substances 
  produces 
  an 
  alkaline 
  spray 
  solution. 
  In 
  practice, 
  copper 
  

   sulphate 
  is 
  neutralised 
  by 
  one-quarter 
  of 
  its 
  weight 
  of 
  quicklime 
  or 
  

   one-half 
  of 
  sodium 
  carbonate, 
  but 
  these 
  proportions 
  vary 
  somewhat. 
  

   Additional 
  adhesive 
  qualities 
  are 
  obtained 
  by 
  using 
  gelatin, 
  casein, 
  

   molasses, 
  linseed 
  oil, 
  soap, 
  resin, 
  petroleum 
  and 
  sapindus. 
  

  

  Gay 
  (A.). 
  L'Altise 
  (Pucerotte, 
  puce 
  de 
  la 
  vigne, 
  bleuette). 
  [The 
  vine 
  

   flea-beetle, 
  Haltica 
  ampelophaga.] 
  — 
  Rev. 
  Vitic, 
  Paris, 
  x\i, 
  no. 
  1064, 
  

   7th 
  May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  522-523. 
  

  

  The 
  control 
  of 
  Haltica 
  is 
  furthered 
  if 
  the 
  hibernating 
  adults 
  are 
  

   dealt 
  with 
  by 
  clearing 
  the 
  vineyard 
  of 
  all 
  natural 
  refuges 
  and 
  replacing 
  

   them 
  by 
  shelter 
  traps 
  during 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  August. 
  Control 
  is 
  easily 
  

   effected 
  if 
  measures 
  be 
  universally 
  taken 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  appearance 
  of 
  

   the 
  insects. 
  

  

  Dalmasso 
  (G.). 
  Nuovi 
  e 
  piti 
  vasti 
  orrizzonti 
  della 
  patologia 
  vegetale. 
  

   [New 
  and 
  vaster 
  boundaries 
  of 
  plant 
  pathology.] 
  — 
  Riv. 
  Vitic, 
  

   Enol. 
  Agrar., 
  Conegliano, 
  xx, 
  no. 
  10, 
  15th 
  May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  228-231. 
  

  

  Besides 
  utiHsing 
  entomophagous 
  insects 
  in 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  phyto- 
  

   phagous 
  insect-pests, 
  the 
  latter 
  themselves 
  may 
  occasionally 
  be 
  

   employed 
  for 
  this 
  purpose. 
  The 
  following 
  case 
  has 
  been 
  instanced 
  

   by 
  Vuillet 
  [see 
  this 
  Review, 
  Ser. 
  A, 
  ii, 
  p. 
  345.] 
  : 
  — 
  Aphis 
  sorghi, 
  Theo., 
  

   which 
  sometimes 
  causes 
  much 
  damage 
  to 
  crops 
  in 
  West 
  Africa, 
  is 
  

   combated 
  by 
  predatory 
  Coccinelhds, 
  which 
  also 
  attack 
  another 
  Aphid, 
  

   Siphonophora 
  leptadeniae, 
  Vuill., 
  found 
  on 
  Leptadenia 
  lancifera, 
  a 
  

   wild 
  plant 
  growing 
  near 
  the 
  sorghum 
  fields. 
  This 
  species 
  is 
  not 
  

   injurious 
  to 
  sorghum 
  or 
  other 
  cultivated 
  plants, 
  and 
  the 
  increase 
  of 
  

   Siphonophora 
  will 
  naturally 
  benefit 
  the 
  Coccinelhd 
  enemies 
  of 
  

   A. 
  sorghi. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  principal 
  controls 
  against 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  the 
  des- 
  

   truction 
  of 
  the 
  sorghum 
  stubble 
  left 
  after 
  harvesting, 
  a 
  measure 
  which, 
  

   imfortunately, 
  destroys 
  the 
  parasites. 
  This 
  disadvantage 
  may 
  be 
  

   avoided 
  by 
  planting 
  some 
  Leptadenia 
  infested 
  by 
  Siphonophora 
  near 
  

   the 
  fields 
  as 
  an 
  attraction 
  for 
  the 
  Coccinellids 
  [see 
  this 
  Review, 
  Ser. 
  A, 
  

   ii, 
  p. 
  396.] 
  Matters 
  are 
  more 
  compHcated 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  vine 
  moth, 
  

   Polychrosis 
  botrana. 
  One 
  of 
  its 
  enemies 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  Hymenopteron, 
  

   Trichogramma 
  (Oophthora) 
  semhlidis, 
  Aur., 
  which 
  parasitises 
  its 
  eggs 
  

   and 
  also 
  those 
  of 
  Barathra 
  (Mamestra) 
  brassicae, 
  L., 
  so 
  common 
  on 
  

   cabbages. 
  Unfortunately, 
  cabbages 
  also 
  harbour 
  Pieris 
  brassicae 
  

   and 
  Pieris 
  occasionally 
  favours 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  vine 
  moth. 
  

   P. 
  brassicae 
  is 
  parasitised 
  by 
  Apanteles 
  glomeratus 
  and 
  Anilasta 
  

   ebenina 
  and 
  these, 
  in 
  turn, 
  are 
  parasitised 
  by 
  Dibrachys 
  affinis. 
  

   Dibrachys 
  plays 
  a 
  double 
  role 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  Polychrosis 
  botrana. 
  

   As 
  a 
  primary 
  parasite 
  of 
  Polychrosis 
  it 
  is 
  beneficial, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  

   parasite 
  of 
  such 
  enemies 
  of 
  the 
  vine 
  moth 
  as 
  Phytomyptera 
  

   nitidiventris, 
  and 
  is, 
  therefore, 
  injurious. 
  For 
  this 
  reason 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  

   always 
  advisable 
  to 
  plant 
  cabbages 
  among 
  the 
  vines. 
  Vuillet 
  has 
  

   shown 
  that 
  calculation 
  furnishes 
  the 
  key 
  to 
  a 
  complex 
  problem 
  such 
  

   as 
  is 
  presented 
  by 
  these 
  insects. 
  It 
  is 
  first 
  necessary 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  

  

  