﻿590 
  

  

  been 
  on 
  the 
  market 
  for 
  several 
  years 
  and 
  are 
  being 
  constantly 
  tested 
  

   by 
  competent 
  authorities. 
  These 
  may 
  be 
  expected 
  to 
  give 
  results 
  

   indicated 
  in 
  the 
  carefully 
  worded 
  official 
  certificates, 
  but 
  not 
  necessarily 
  

   those 
  claimed 
  in 
  the 
  advertisements. 
  

  

  Wahl 
  (B.)- 
  Die 
  Fritfliege. 
  [The 
  frit 
  fly.) 
  — 
  Mitteilung 
  der 
  k.h 
  

   Pflanzenschutzstation 
  in 
  Wien, 
  n.d., 
  3 
  pp. 
  [Received 
  24th 
  June 
  

   19U.] 
  

  

  Oscinis 
  frit, 
  L., 
  usually 
  occurs 
  in 
  meadow 
  grass 
  and 
  only 
  migrates 
  

   to 
  wheat 
  when 
  its 
  numbers 
  increase 
  considerably. 
  Control 
  measures 
  

   should 
  endeavour 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  spring 
  and 
  autumn 
  generations 
  from 
  

   finding 
  young 
  wheat 
  on 
  which 
  to 
  oviposit. 
  The 
  injury 
  caused 
  by 
  

   Oscinis 
  frit 
  closely 
  resembles 
  that 
  produced 
  by 
  Hylemyia 
  coarctata, 
  

   L., 
  and 
  microscopic 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  is 
  necessary 
  to 
  deter- 
  

   mine 
  the 
  identity 
  of 
  the 
  pest 
  concerned. 
  As 
  Hylemyia 
  also 
  occurs 
  

   in 
  Austria 
  and 
  requires 
  a 
  control 
  totally 
  different 
  from 
  that 
  apphcable 
  

   to 
  OsciniSy 
  such 
  a 
  determination 
  is 
  indispensable. 
  

  

  FuLMEK 
  (L.). 
  Die 
  gelbe 
  Stachelbeer-Blattwespe. 
  [The 
  yellow 
  goose- 
  

   berry 
  saw-fly.] 
  — 
  DerObstzUchter, 
  no. 
  6, 
  1914. 
  Reprint, 
  4 
  pp., 
  2 
  figs. 
  

   [Received 
  24th 
  June 
  1914.] 
  

  

  The 
  serious 
  injury 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  yellow 
  gooseberry 
  

   saw-fly 
  (Pteronus 
  ribesii) 
  renders 
  it 
  very 
  necessary 
  that 
  the 
  first 
  signs 
  

   of 
  attack 
  be 
  noted 
  and 
  instantly 
  acted 
  on. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  April 
  

   on 
  the 
  underside 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  the 
  green, 
  dark- 
  

   headed 
  larvae 
  hatch 
  and 
  eat 
  the 
  foliage. 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  

   weeks 
  they 
  enter 
  the 
  soil 
  and 
  spin 
  a 
  cocoon. 
  The 
  second 
  generation 
  

   appears 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  July 
  and 
  the 
  resultant 
  larvae 
  do 
  less, 
  though 
  by 
  

   no 
  means 
  unimportant, 
  damage, 
  and 
  may 
  also 
  attack 
  currants. 
  A 
  

   third 
  generation 
  sometimes 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  late 
  summer. 
  The 
  last 
  larvae 
  

   hibernate 
  at 
  some 
  depth 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  and 
  give 
  rise 
  to 
  the 
  adults 
  which 
  

   appear 
  in 
  spring. 
  Wood-ashes 
  are 
  an 
  efficient 
  control 
  if 
  strewn 
  over 
  

   the 
  bushes 
  while 
  they 
  are 
  still 
  damp 
  with 
  dew, 
  provided 
  this 
  be 
  done^ 
  

   when 
  the 
  attack 
  commences. 
  Lime-copper 
  spray 
  also 
  deters 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  from 
  feeding. 
  Tests 
  made 
  with 
  barium 
  chloride 
  have 
  been 
  very 
  

   satisfactory 
  ; 
  a 
  two 
  per 
  cent, 
  aqueous 
  solution 
  of 
  this 
  was 
  successful 
  

   in 
  preventing 
  injury. 
  The 
  bushes 
  were 
  sprayed 
  once, 
  either 
  late 
  in 
  

   April 
  or 
  early 
  in 
  May. 
  The 
  fohage 
  must 
  be 
  thoroughly 
  wetted 
  and 
  

   the 
  jet 
  directed 
  into 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  thick 
  bushes. 
  Commercial 
  barium 
  

   chloride 
  costs 
  about 
  2J(Z. 
  per 
  lb., 
  dissolves 
  in 
  cold 
  water, 
  and 
  does 
  not 
  

   deteriorate 
  in 
  solution. 
  It 
  is 
  poisonous, 
  and 
  should 
  be 
  carefully 
  

   stored, 
  as 
  it 
  strongly 
  resembles 
  ordinary 
  salt 
  in 
  appearance. 
  Spraying^ 
  

   immediately 
  before 
  the 
  fruits 
  ripen 
  is 
  inadvisable, 
  though 
  any 
  traces 
  

   of 
  the 
  poison 
  are 
  easily 
  washed 
  off. 
  To 
  prevent 
  a 
  recurrence 
  of 
  the 
  

   pest, 
  3 
  or 
  4 
  inches 
  of 
  the 
  soil 
  may 
  be 
  dug 
  up 
  and 
  burned 
  after 
  the 
  larvae- 
  

   have 
  begun 
  to 
  hibernate. 
  Quickhme 
  may 
  also 
  be 
  dug 
  in 
  in 
  autumn, 
  

   and 
  if 
  poultry 
  be 
  allowed 
  to 
  run 
  among 
  the 
  bushes 
  many 
  larvae 
  will 
  

   be 
  destroyed. 
  

  

  