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  larvae 
  being 
  active 
  from 
  October 
  to 
  May. 
  The 
  only 
  practical 
  

   measure 
  of 
  control 
  consists 
  in 
  deeply 
  ploughing 
  under 
  the 
  infested 
  

   turf 
  and 
  in 
  sowing 
  in 
  the 
  months 
  of 
  March 
  and 
  April. 
  

  

  Bebnabd 
  (L.). 
  Technique 
  des 
  traitements 
  contre 
  les 
  Insects 
  de 
  la 
  

   Vigne. 
  [Technique 
  of 
  methods 
  of 
  control 
  of 
  insect 
  pests 
  of 
  the 
  

   Vine.] 
  Paris 
  : 
  J. 
  B. 
  Bailliere 
  et 
  Fils, 
  1914, 
  364 
  pp., 
  95 
  figs. 
  

   Price, 
  6 
  fr. 
  

  

  The 
  chief 
  object 
  of 
  this 
  book 
  is 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  well-known 
  

   pests, 
  Clysia 
  ambiguella 
  and 
  Polychrosis 
  botrana, 
  which 
  have 
  con- 
  

   tributed 
  to 
  bring 
  about 
  a 
  serious 
  crisis 
  in 
  French 
  viticulture 
  during 
  the 
  

   past 
  few 
  years. 
  Some 
  74 
  pages 
  are 
  also 
  devoted 
  to 
  other 
  insect 
  pests 
  

   of 
  the 
  vine. 
  After 
  giving 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  history 
  and 
  distribution 
  

   of 
  Clysia 
  and 
  Polychrosis 
  and 
  describing 
  and 
  figuring 
  the 
  larvae, 
  

   pupae 
  and 
  perfect 
  insects 
  of 
  both 
  pests, 
  the 
  author 
  further 
  

   describes 
  Sparganothis 
  {Oenophthira) 
  pilleriana^ 
  and 
  gives 
  a 
  

   table 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  various 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  species 
  may 
  be 
  dis- 
  

   tinguished. 
  The 
  life-histories 
  of 
  these 
  pests 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  the 
  vine 
  

   are 
  then 
  discussed 
  and 
  a 
  great 
  mass 
  of 
  valuable 
  information 
  on 
  the 
  

   subject 
  is 
  given. 
  In 
  deahng 
  with 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  insects, 
  the 
  

   important 
  effects 
  of 
  atmospheric 
  conditions 
  upon 
  them 
  is 
  emphasised. 
  

  

  Particulars 
  of 
  various 
  insect 
  enemies 
  are 
  given, 
  including 
  Malachius 
  

   bipustulatus, 
  which 
  penetrates 
  into 
  the 
  cracks 
  in 
  the 
  vine 
  props 
  and 
  

   destroys 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  pupae, 
  Clerus 
  formicarius, 
  earwigs, 
  certain 
  

   Hemerobius, 
  and 
  Discoelius 
  zonalis. 
  Certain 
  Myriapods 
  and 
  spiders 
  

   also 
  destroy 
  fair 
  numbers 
  of 
  larvae. 
  The 
  larvae 
  are 
  parasitised 
  by 
  

   various 
  Ichneumonidae, 
  and 
  two 
  Chalcids, 
  Caenacis 
  parviclava 
  and 
  

   Eucomys 
  swederi, 
  Dalm. 
  (Pteromalus 
  vitis), 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  probably 
  

   the 
  more 
  useful, 
  while 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  both 
  species 
  are 
  parasitised 
  by 
  

   Trichogramma 
  (Oophthora) 
  serMidis. 
  

  

  They 
  are 
  also 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  the 
  fungi, 
  Zsana/annosa 
  and 
  

   Sporotrichum 
  globuliferum. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  then 
  describes 
  in 
  minute 
  detail 
  the 
  various 
  mechanical 
  

   methods 
  for 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  pupae. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  shelter 
  and 
  

   light 
  traps 
  and 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  these 
  pests 
  by 
  spraying 
  and 
  other 
  

   chemical 
  means 
  are 
  discussed 
  at 
  length, 
  the 
  necessity 
  for 
  combined 
  

   effort 
  in 
  each 
  district 
  being 
  urged 
  as 
  of 
  vital 
  importance. 
  

  

  The 
  life-history 
  of 
  Sparganothis 
  pilleriana 
  is 
  next 
  dealt 
  with 
  in 
  

   considerable 
  detail 
  and 
  the 
  methods 
  of 
  its 
  control 
  discussed, 
  the 
  

   collection 
  of 
  eggs 
  and 
  fumigation 
  with 
  sulphur 
  in 
  tents 
  being 
  chiefly 
  

   recommended. 
  Euxoa 
  (Agrotis) 
  segetum 
  and 
  Feltia 
  (Agrotis) 
  exclama- 
  

   tionis 
  and 
  A. 
  pronuba 
  all 
  do 
  considerable 
  damage 
  in 
  their 
  larval 
  

   state 
  by 
  eating 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  vines 
  in 
  winter 
  and 
  the 
  buds 
  in 
  summer. 
  

   Their 
  numbers 
  may 
  be 
  reduced 
  by 
  placing 
  shelter 
  traps 
  consisting 
  

   of 
  bundles 
  of 
  lucerne 
  or 
  of 
  freshly-cut 
  grass 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  each 
  vine- 
  

   stock. 
  Collection 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  at 
  night 
  with 
  a 
  Haltica 
  funnel 
  has 
  also 
  

   been 
  recommended. 
  Amongst 
  sprays, 
  one 
  composed 
  as 
  follows 
  is 
  said 
  

   to 
  be 
  useful 
  : 
  — 
  5 
  lb. 
  potassium 
  sulphide 
  (liver 
  of 
  sulphur) 
  and 
  10 
  lb. 
  of 
  

   soap 
  in 
  10 
  gals, 
  of 
  water, 
  used 
  at 
  night 
  when 
  the 
  larvae 
  are 
  out 
  feeding. 
  

   A 
  mixture 
  of 
  arsenite 
  of 
  copper, 
  bran 
  and 
  treacle 
  spread 
  on 
  the 
  base 
  

   of 
  the 
  vine-stock 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  useful 
  in 
  Austraha. 
  

  

  