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  C. 
  trapezina 
  and 
  Oporabia 
  dilutata 
  were 
  not 
  numerous 
  and 
  could 
  

   hardly 
  be 
  classed 
  as 
  pests. 
  Hyhernia 
  defoliaria 
  ranked 
  next 
  in 
  im- 
  

   portance 
  after 
  C. 
  brumata 
  and 
  T. 
  viridana, 
  which, 
  especially 
  the 
  

   former, 
  caused 
  the 
  bulk 
  of 
  the 
  damage. 
  

  

  No 
  parasite 
  of 
  C. 
  brumata 
  was 
  observed, 
  but 
  of 
  60 
  pupae 
  of 
  T. 
  viridana 
  

   collected 
  at 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  June 
  five 
  were 
  parasitised, 
  two 
  by 
  an 
  

   Ichneumon 
  (Pimpla 
  arctica), 
  one 
  by 
  a 
  Braconid 
  {Meteor 
  us 
  laeviventris, 
  

   Wesm.), 
  and 
  two 
  by 
  Tachinid 
  flies, 
  one 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  hatched 
  out 
  and 
  

   identified 
  as 
  Thryptocera 
  pilipennis, 
  Fin. 
  On 
  May 
  6th 
  and 
  7th 
  the 
  trees 
  

   in 
  the 
  Ham 
  Cross 
  Plantation 
  were 
  sprayed 
  with 
  the 
  following 
  : 
  — 
  Lead 
  

   chromate 
  100 
  parts, 
  soft 
  soap 
  50 
  parts, 
  gelatine 
  3 
  parts, 
  water 
  

   47 
  parts, 
  at 
  a 
  cost 
  of 
  £5 
  per 
  cwt. 
  One 
  pound 
  of 
  this 
  paste 
  was 
  used 
  in 
  

   30 
  gallons 
  of 
  water, 
  this 
  giving 
  1 
  lb. 
  of 
  lead 
  chromate 
  to 
  every 
  60 
  

   gallons 
  of 
  spray, 
  the 
  results 
  being 
  satisfactory. 
  

  

  MoLiNAS 
  ( 
  — 
  ). 
  Sur 
  un 
  parasite 
  des 
  oeillets 
  cultives. 
  [A 
  pest 
  of 
  culti- 
  

   vated 
  carnations.] 
  — 
  Jl. 
  Agric. 
  pratique, 
  Paris, 
  xxvii, 
  no. 
  19, 
  7th 
  

   May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  662-663. 
  

  

  Carnations 
  cultivated 
  on 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  Provence 
  and 
  of 
  Italy 
  are 
  

   often 
  seriously 
  attacked 
  by 
  a 
  small 
  Lepidopteron, 
  Tortrix 
  pranubana^ 
  

   of 
  which 
  four 
  generations 
  occur 
  annually, 
  viz., 
  in 
  February, 
  March, 
  

   April 
  ; 
  May, 
  June 
  ; 
  July, 
  August 
  ; 
  and 
  September, 
  October. 
  The 
  

   female 
  lays 
  batches 
  of 
  from 
  30 
  to 
  80 
  eggs, 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  live 
  in 
  the 
  

   leaves 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  flowers. 
  The 
  author 
  has 
  collected 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  

   parasites 
  which 
  aid 
  greatly 
  in 
  controlling 
  this 
  pest. 
  At 
  the 
  present 
  

   time, 
  however, 
  the 
  sole 
  measure 
  employed 
  consists 
  in 
  the 
  destruction 
  

   of 
  the 
  larvae 
  by 
  hand. 
  Where 
  carnations 
  are 
  cultivated 
  as 
  annuals, 
  

   the 
  plants 
  should 
  be 
  destroyed 
  at 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  the 
  season. 
  Fumigation 
  

   with 
  nicotin, 
  bisulphide 
  of 
  carbon, 
  hydrocyanic 
  acid, 
  etc., 
  is 
  not 
  

   considered 
  effective. 
  

  

  Malaquin 
  (A.) 
  & 
  MoiTiE 
  (A.). 
  Les 
  Hymenopteres 
  parasites 
  de 
  V 
  Aphis 
  

   euonymi, 
  F. 
  (Puceron 
  noir 
  de 
  la 
  betterave). 
  [Hymenoptera 
  para- 
  

   sitic 
  on 
  Aphis 
  euonymi, 
  F. 
  (the 
  black 
  aphis 
  of 
  the 
  beet).] 
  — 
  C. 
  R. 
  

   Soc. 
  Biol, 
  Paris, 
  Ixxvi, 
  no. 
  16, 
  15th 
  May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  803-805. 
  

  

  The 
  authors 
  have 
  so 
  far 
  observed 
  17 
  species 
  of 
  Hymenoptera 
  which 
  

   attack 
  A. 
  euonymi. 
  — 
  Aphidiidae 
  : 
  one 
  species 
  near 
  to 
  Praon 
  abjectus, 
  

   Hal. 
  ; 
  Trioxys 
  auctus, 
  Hal., 
  Trioxys 
  heraclei, 
  Hal. 
  ; 
  Aphidius 
  crepidis, 
  

   Hal., 
  Aphidius 
  urticae, 
  Hal, 
  and 
  two 
  other 
  species 
  of 
  Aphidius. 
  

   Proctotrupidae 
  : 
  Lygocerus 
  antennalis. 
  Kief., 
  Lygocerus 
  rufipes 
  

   Thoms. 
  Two 
  undetermined 
  species 
  of 
  Sceliolidae. 
  Cynipidae 
  : 
  

   Allotria 
  minuta, 
  Hart., 
  and 
  two 
  other 
  undetermined 
  Allotria 
  ; 
  Alloxysta 
  

   crassa, 
  Cam. 
  Chalcididae 
  : 
  two 
  undetermined 
  species, 
  one 
  belonging 
  

   to 
  the 
  genus 
  Encyrtus 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  to 
  the 
  genus 
  Pteromalus. 
  

  

  Trioxys 
  auctus 
  and 
  Aphidius 
  crepidis 
  are 
  the 
  commonest 
  species. 
  

   They 
  almost 
  exclusively 
  attack 
  the 
  apterous 
  Aphids. 
  T. 
  auctus 
  

   develops 
  in 
  3 
  weeks, 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  15 
  to 
  18 
  days 
  required 
  by 
  the 
  

   Aphid. 
  In 
  autumn, 
  the 
  last 
  surviving 
  Hymenoptera 
  attack 
  the 
  

   females 
  of 
  the 
  Aphid, 
  which 
  are 
  then 
  on 
  the 
  spindle 
  tree 
  {Euonymus 
  

   europaeus). 
  Their 
  parasitised 
  bodies 
  remain 
  on 
  the 
  branches 
  until 
  the 
  

   spring 
  and 
  the 
  parasites 
  hatch 
  out 
  late 
  in 
  March 
  or 
  early 
  in 
  April, 
  

   unparasitised 
  A. 
  euonymi 
  having 
  already 
  appeared 
  early 
  in 
  March. 
  

  

  