﻿650 
  

  

  and 
  during 
  the 
  eight 
  or 
  ten 
  weeks 
  the 
  total 
  rainfall 
  was 
  less 
  than 
  IJ 
  

   inches. 
  Extremes 
  of 
  cold 
  and 
  wet 
  in 
  winter 
  have 
  occasionally 
  extermin- 
  

   ated 
  the 
  weevil 
  ; 
  this 
  happened 
  in 
  Central 
  Arkansas 
  and 
  Northern 
  

   Mississippi 
  in 
  1911-12, 
  but 
  in 
  Alabama 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  likeHhood 
  of 
  control 
  

   by 
  heat 
  and 
  drought, 
  although 
  in 
  the 
  mountainous 
  regions 
  in 
  the 
  north- 
  

   east 
  and 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  Tennessee 
  valley, 
  extreme 
  winter 
  temperature 
  

   may 
  check 
  the 
  advance 
  of 
  the 
  weevil. 
  The 
  occasional 
  reduction 
  of 
  the 
  

   weevil 
  by 
  early 
  frosts 
  demonstrates 
  the 
  possibility 
  of 
  control 
  by 
  

   means 
  of 
  a 
  general 
  destruction 
  of 
  stalks 
  in 
  autumn 
  ; 
  the 
  general 
  

   stripping 
  of 
  cotton 
  by 
  the 
  cotton 
  worm 
  has 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  influence 
  

   in 
  checking 
  multiplication 
  of 
  the 
  weevil. 
  

  

  By 
  studying 
  the 
  map, 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  rainfall 
  and 
  boll 
  weevil 
  injury 
  

   zones 
  are 
  charted, 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  determine 
  approximately 
  what 
  

   degree 
  of 
  damage 
  may 
  be 
  anticipated 
  as 
  the 
  boll 
  weevil 
  advances. 
  

   This 
  pest 
  may 
  be 
  credited 
  with 
  a 
  large 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  rise 
  in 
  price 
  of 
  

   cotton 
  between 
  1902, 
  when 
  it 
  sold 
  at 
  2^d. 
  and 
  3d. 
  per 
  pound, 
  and 
  

   1910, 
  since 
  when 
  the 
  price 
  has 
  ranged 
  from 
  bd. 
  to 
  Id. 
  or 
  more. 
  Two 
  

   tables 
  are 
  given 
  showing 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  this 
  weevil 
  upon 
  the 
  yield 
  of 
  

   cotton 
  per 
  acre, 
  by 
  five-year 
  periods, 
  in 
  Texas, 
  Louisiana, 
  Mississippi, 
  

   Arkansas, 
  Alabama, 
  Georgia, 
  North 
  and 
  South 
  Carohna, 
  the 
  first 
  four 
  

   being 
  classed 
  as 
  infested, 
  and 
  the 
  remaining 
  four 
  as 
  uninfested 
  States. 
  

   In 
  three 
  half-infested 
  States 
  the 
  decrease 
  averaged 
  13'6 
  per 
  cent., 
  

   while 
  in 
  Louisiana 
  (wholly 
  infested) 
  the 
  figure 
  was 
  38 
  per 
  cent. 
  The 
  

   injury 
  according 
  to 
  rainfall 
  zones 
  is 
  also 
  discussed. 
  In 
  Arizona 
  

   [see 
  this 
  Review 
  Ser. 
  A. 
  ii, 
  p. 
  78], 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  the 
  boll 
  weevil 
  (Anth- 
  

   onomus 
  grandis 
  var. 
  thurberiae) 
  has 
  been 
  discovered 
  on 
  a 
  plant 
  closely 
  

   allied 
  to 
  cotton, 
  and 
  being 
  adapted 
  to 
  a 
  dry 
  climate, 
  the 
  periods 
  of 
  hot 
  

   weather 
  of 
  Texas, 
  should 
  it 
  by 
  any 
  chance 
  be 
  introduced 
  into 
  that 
  

   State,would 
  have 
  no 
  effect 
  in 
  controlHng 
  it 
  and 
  the 
  weevil 
  would 
  there 
  

   become 
  a 
  serious 
  pest. 
  

  

  Ossipov 
  (N.). 
  OnblTbl 
  6opb5bl 
  Cb 
  HepBei^Olil. 
  CJIMBW. 
  [Experiments 
  

   on 
  fighting 
  Lecanium 
  cerasi.] 
  — 
  « 
  CaAOBOA'b 
  » 
  [The 
  Fruit-Grower], 
  

   Rostov-on-Don, 
  no. 
  7, 
  July 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  514-521. 
  

  

  Various 
  experiments 
  on 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  Eulecanium 
  {Lecanium) 
  cerasi^ 
  

   which 
  have 
  been 
  conducted 
  in 
  1912 
  and 
  1913 
  in 
  the 
  districts 
  of 
  Chotin 
  

   and 
  Kishinev 
  of 
  the 
  Government 
  of 
  Bessarabia, 
  are 
  described. 
  The 
  

   damage 
  done 
  by 
  this 
  pest 
  in 
  this 
  province 
  is 
  very 
  great 
  and 
  increases 
  

   yearly, 
  whole 
  orchards 
  being 
  destroyed. 
  The 
  female 
  oviposits 
  in 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  summer 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  hatch 
  the 
  same 
  year, 
  spreading 
  over 
  

   the 
  whole 
  tree, 
  living 
  chiefly 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  but 
  the 
  

   amount 
  of 
  damage 
  done 
  at 
  this 
  period 
  is 
  however 
  not 
  important. 
  

   The 
  larvae 
  winter 
  on 
  the 
  trunks 
  and 
  branches 
  of 
  trees 
  or 
  in 
  fallen 
  leaves^ 
  

   and 
  early 
  in 
  spring 
  attach 
  themselves 
  to 
  the 
  young 
  branches 
  ; 
  they 
  

   develop 
  rapidly, 
  becoming 
  mature 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  half 
  of 
  May 
  and 
  

   during 
  this 
  time 
  seriously 
  injure 
  the 
  trees. 
  

  

  A 
  spraying 
  experiment 
  with 
  carbolineum 
  was 
  started 
  on 
  25th 
  March 
  

   1912, 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Chotin. 
  At 
  that 
  time 
  the 
  hibernated 
  larvae 
  

   were 
  already 
  swarming 
  over 
  the 
  trees. 
  One 
  part 
  of 
  carboHneum 
  was 
  

   dissolved 
  in 
  six 
  of 
  water. 
  Eighteen 
  trees 
  were 
  sprayed 
  and 
  the 
  

   immediate 
  results 
  were 
  very 
  favourable, 
  and 
  an 
  examination 
  in 
  the 
  

   first 
  half 
  of 
  June 
  showed 
  that 
  such 
  mdividuals 
  as 
  survived 
  consisted 
  

  

  