﻿reason 
  to 
  tkink 
  that 
  the 
  moth 
  behaves 
  differently 
  under 
  natural 
  con- 
  

   ditions. 
  Old 
  acorns 
  were 
  picked 
  up 
  in 
  December 
  with 
  fresh 
  eggs 
  

   upon 
  them, 
  whilst 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  green 
  acorns 
  were 
  being 
  attacked 
  ; 
  

   as 
  many 
  as 
  thirty 
  and 
  forty 
  eggs 
  have 
  been 
  counted 
  upon 
  one 
  acorn, 
  

   but 
  as 
  one 
  acorn 
  only 
  contains 
  sufficient 
  nourishment 
  for 
  at 
  most 
  

   three 
  individuals, 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  from 
  these 
  perish. 
  The 
  moths 
  

   exhibit 
  a 
  marked 
  disincUnation 
  to 
  travel 
  far 
  before 
  ovipositing. 
  Of 
  

   several 
  hundred 
  eggs 
  kept 
  under 
  observation 
  in 
  May 
  1911, 
  only 
  one 
  

   was 
  parasitised, 
  but 
  80 
  to 
  90 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  egg 
  parasitism 
  by 
  Tricho- 
  

   grammoidea 
  lutea, 
  Girault, 
  was 
  recorded 
  from 
  a 
  source 
  near 
  by, 
  for 
  the 
  

   month 
  of 
  April 
  1901. 
  The 
  full 
  larval 
  period 
  occupied 
  84 
  days 
  in 
  

   one 
  instance 
  and 
  90 
  days 
  in 
  another. 
  On 
  emerging 
  the 
  young 
  larva 
  

   wanders 
  about 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  before 
  entering 
  either 
  orange 
  or 
  acorn. 
  

   In 
  the 
  former 
  the 
  larva 
  burrows 
  into 
  the 
  rind 
  almost 
  anywhere, 
  making 
  

   a 
  clean-cut 
  entrance-hole 
  which, 
  for 
  a 
  while, 
  is 
  readily 
  located 
  by 
  the 
  

   resulting 
  exudation. 
  In 
  acorns 
  it 
  enters 
  near 
  the 
  base 
  or 
  the 
  point 
  

   of 
  attachment 
  to 
  the 
  cup. 
  Careful 
  observation 
  failed 
  to 
  establish 
  any 
  

   instance 
  where 
  an 
  entrance 
  was 
  effected 
  at 
  any 
  other 
  point, 
  and 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  the 
  young 
  caterpillars 
  do 
  not 
  bore 
  into 
  the 
  fruit 
  immediately 
  

   upon 
  hatching 
  indicates 
  the 
  possible 
  value 
  of 
  insecticides. 
  Pupation 
  

   does 
  not 
  occur 
  immediately 
  after 
  the 
  cocoons 
  are 
  spun, 
  but 
  follows 
  a 
  

   resting 
  period 
  of 
  about 
  four 
  days. 
  The 
  larvae 
  prefer 
  loose 
  surface 
  

   soil 
  for 
  pupation, 
  but, 
  if 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  available, 
  will 
  pupate 
  in 
  bark 
  

   crevices, 
  etc. 
  The 
  normal 
  pupal 
  period 
  is 
  eighteen 
  days, 
  and 
  the 
  

   period 
  elapsing 
  between 
  egg-laying 
  and 
  the 
  emergence 
  of 
  the 
  moth 
  

   averages 
  121 
  days 
  for 
  the 
  winter 
  months. 
  It 
  is 
  thought 
  that 
  there 
  

   are 
  three 
  generations, 
  but 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  confused 
  by 
  a 
  great 
  deal 
  of 
  

   overlapping, 
  as 
  there 
  is 
  some 
  evidence 
  that 
  the 
  moths 
  emerge 
  all 
  the 
  

   year 
  round. 
  The 
  life-cycle 
  is 
  always 
  longer 
  in 
  acorns 
  than 
  when 
  

   completed 
  in 
  deciduous 
  fruits. 
  

  

  Carpenter 
  (G. 
  H.). 
  Injurious 
  Insects 
  and 
  other 
  Animals 
  observed 
  in 
  

   Ireland 
  during 
  the 
  year 
  1913. 
  — 
  Econ. 
  Proc. 
  R. 
  Dublin 
  Soc, 
  Dublin, 
  

   ii, 
  no. 
  9, 
  July 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  142-160, 
  8 
  figs., 
  1 
  pi. 
  

  

  Larvae 
  of 
  the 
  spring 
  brood 
  of 
  the 
  frit-fly, 
  Oscinis 
  frit, 
  L., 
  were 
  found 
  

   in 
  Co. 
  Tyrone, 
  feeding 
  within 
  the 
  sheathing 
  leaves 
  and 
  boring 
  into 
  the 
  

   stems 
  of 
  young 
  oats, 
  extensive 
  damage 
  being 
  done. 
  Phyllotreta 
  

   nemorum, 
  L., 
  the 
  turnip 
  fly, 
  was 
  exceptionally 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  dry 
  

   spring 
  of 
  1913, 
  many 
  young 
  cabbage-plants 
  being 
  killed 
  outright 
  in 
  

   Co. 
  Dublin 
  ; 
  cabbage-leaves 
  infested 
  with 
  Aphis 
  brassicae, 
  L., 
  were 
  

   received 
  from 
  Co. 
  Waterford 
  in 
  September 
  ; 
  potato-tubers 
  were 
  

   received 
  in 
  February 
  from 
  Co. 
  Meath, 
  hollowed 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  a 
  

   Bihio. 
  The 
  migratory 
  apple 
  aphid, 
  Aphis 
  fitchii, 
  Sanderson, 
  which 
  

   has 
  for 
  many 
  years 
  been 
  confused 
  with 
  A. 
  pomi, 
  De 
  Geer, 
  was 
  recorded 
  

   from 
  Co. 
  Galway 
  ; 
  the 
  hard 
  winter 
  eggs 
  laid 
  by 
  the 
  wingless 
  females 
  

   of 
  this 
  species 
  usually 
  hatch 
  in 
  April 
  ; 
  the 
  parthenogenetic 
  females 
  

   attack 
  flower-buds 
  and 
  blossoms 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  foliage 
  in 
  the 
  spring, 
  but 
  

   do 
  not 
  cause 
  the 
  leaves 
  to 
  curl 
  ; 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  generations 
  of 
  these 
  

   on 
  fruit 
  trees 
  until 
  mid-summer. 
  Apple 
  shoots 
  from 
  Co. 
  Armagh 
  

   were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  covered 
  with 
  ovisacs 
  of 
  the 
  furze 
  mealy-bug, 
  

   Phenacoccus 
  {Pseudococcus) 
  aceris, 
  Signoret, 
  which 
  is 
  more 
  common 
  

   on 
  -furze, 
  elm, 
  laburnum, 
  lime, 
  and 
  hawi:horn 
  than 
  on 
  apple, 
  plum, 
  

  

  