﻿662 
  

  

  Childs 
  (L.). 
  Oak 
  Pests 
  — 
  The 
  Carpenter 
  Worm 
  {Prionoxystus 
  rohiniae). 
  

   — 
  Mthly. 
  Bull. 
  Cal. 
  State 
  Commiss. 
  Hortic, 
  Sacramento, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  7, 
  

   July 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  259-264, 
  5 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  Cossid, 
  Prionoxystus 
  rohiniae, 
  is 
  reported 
  from 
  nearly 
  all 
  parts 
  

   of 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  and 
  in 
  Cahfornia 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  trees 
  : 
  — 
  

   oak, 
  elm, 
  willow, 
  locust, 
  cotton 
  wood 
  and 
  carob. 
  The 
  trunks 
  are 
  

   chiefly 
  attacked, 
  although 
  in 
  trees 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  long 
  infested 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  burrowing 
  in 
  the 
  larger 
  hmbs. 
  Frass 
  indicates 
  

   the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  pest, 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  open 
  wounds 
  the 
  tree 
  discharges 
  

   a 
  dark 
  sap-like 
  substance 
  which 
  discolours 
  the 
  trunk. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  

   deposited 
  in 
  the 
  crevices 
  of 
  the 
  bark, 
  etc. 
  Upon 
  hatching, 
  the 
  young 
  

   larva 
  feeds 
  in 
  the 
  cambium, 
  just 
  beneath 
  the 
  bark, 
  for 
  sometime, 
  and 
  

   then 
  gradually 
  works 
  its 
  way 
  into 
  the 
  wood. 
  Pupation 
  usually 
  occurs 
  

   near 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  year 
  and 
  lasts 
  for 
  a 
  fortnight. 
  Seriously 
  

   infested 
  trees 
  may 
  be 
  saved 
  by 
  the 
  continual 
  injection 
  of 
  carbon 
  

   bisulphide 
  and 
  the 
  kilHng 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  by 
  hand 
  with 
  wires. 
  

  

  Gray 
  (P.). 
  The 
  Compatibility 
  of 
  Insecticides 
  and 
  Fungicides. 
  — 
  Mthly. 
  

   Bull. 
  Cal. 
  State 
  Commiss. 
  Hortic., 
  Sacramento, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  7, 
  July 
  1914, 
  

   pp. 
  265-267, 
  1 
  table. 
  

  

  The 
  cost 
  of 
  sprapng 
  materials 
  is 
  trifling 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  cost 
  

   of 
  apphcation, 
  and 
  therefore 
  if 
  the 
  materials 
  or 
  the 
  operation 
  can 
  

   be 
  combined 
  in 
  any 
  way, 
  a 
  great 
  saving 
  of 
  expense 
  will 
  result, 
  but 
  it 
  

   unfortunately 
  requires 
  chemical 
  knowledge 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  decide 
  what 
  

   sprays 
  may 
  be 
  mixed 
  without 
  mutual 
  destruction. 
  Incompatibility 
  

   may 
  be 
  of 
  two 
  kinds, 
  chemical 
  or 
  physical, 
  or 
  both, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  

   cases 
  in 
  which 
  chemically 
  incompatible 
  materials 
  may 
  be 
  mixed 
  

   without 
  impairing 
  the 
  original 
  killing, 
  preventive, 
  or 
  physical 
  properties 
  

   of 
  the 
  ingredients. 
  A 
  table 
  is 
  given 
  showing 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  mixing, 
  

   which 
  is 
  briefly 
  stated 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Better 
  results 
  by 
  mixing 
  : 
  — 
  Paris 
  green 
  with 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  

   and 
  iron-sulphide. 
  Lead 
  Arsenate 
  with 
  the 
  same. 
  Zinc-arsenite 
  

   with 
  iron-sulphide. 
  Soap 
  and 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture. 
  Tobacco 
  with 
  

   emulsions. 
  

  

  Properties 
  not 
  changed 
  by 
  mixing 
  : 
  — 
  Calcium-arsenite 
  with 
  Bordeaux 
  

   mixture, 
  iron-sulphide 
  or 
  tobacco. 
  Lead-arsenate 
  (acid) 
  and 
  tobacco. 
  

   Lead-arsenate 
  (neutral) 
  with 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture, 
  iron-sulphide, 
  tobacco, 
  

   soaps, 
  emulsions 
  and 
  alkahes. 
  Zinc-arsenite 
  with 
  tobacco. 
  Lime- 
  

   sulphur 
  with 
  cyanide 
  fumigation 
  or 
  tobacco. 
  Soap 
  with 
  tobacco, 
  

   emulsions 
  or 
  alkalies. 
  Tobacco 
  with 
  cyanide 
  fumigation 
  and 
  acids. 
  

  

  Efficient, 
  non-injurious 
  : 
  — 
  Lead-arsenate 
  (neutral) 
  with 
  lime- 
  

   sulphur. 
  Soap 
  and 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture, 
  tobacco 
  and 
  alkalies. 
  Bor- 
  

   deaux 
  mixture 
  and 
  alkalies. 
  

  

  Inefficient, 
  non-injurious 
  : 
  — 
  Neutral 
  lead-arsenate 
  with 
  acids. 
  

   Lime-sulphur 
  with 
  soap, 
  alkalies 
  or 
  acids. 
  Emulsions 
  mth 
  iron- 
  

   sulphide. 
  Tobacco 
  with 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture, 
  acids 
  and 
  alkahes. 
  

  

  Dangerous 
  : 
  — 
  Paris 
  green 
  with 
  lime-sulphur, 
  cyanide 
  fumigation, 
  

   soaps, 
  emulsions, 
  alkahes 
  and 
  acids. 
  Calcium-arsenite 
  with 
  Hme- 
  

   sulphur 
  and 
  the 
  same. 
  Lead-arsenate 
  (acid) 
  with 
  soaps, 
  emulsions 
  

   or 
  alkalies. 
  Zinc-arsenite 
  with 
  lime-sulphur, 
  soaps, 
  emulsions, 
  

   alkalies 
  and 
  acids. 
  Lead 
  arsenate 
  (neutral) 
  with 
  acids. 
  Emulsions 
  

  

  