﻿666 
  

  

  VoGLiNo 
  (P.). 
  Osservazioni 
  sulle 
  tignole 
  della 
  vite 
  eseguite 
  nel 
  

   Piemonte 
  nel 
  1913. 
  [Pohjchrosis 
  botrana 
  and 
  Clysia 
  amhiguella 
  in 
  

   Piedmont 
  in 
  1913.] 
  — 
  Osservatorio 
  consorziale 
  di 
  Fitopatologia 
  in 
  

   Torino, 
  Turin, 
  1914, 
  35 
  pp. 
  

  

  As 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  a 
  conference 
  between 
  the 
  Agricultural 
  Committee 
  of 
  

   Turin 
  and 
  the 
  Subalpine 
  Vine-Growers' 
  Society, 
  held 
  on 
  22nd 
  February 
  

   1913, 
  a 
  Commission 
  was 
  appointed 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  means 
  of 
  con- 
  

   trolhng 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  vine 
  moths 
  and 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  

   tobacco 
  extract 
  for 
  this 
  purpose. 
  The 
  carrying 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  experimental 
  

   work 
  was 
  entrusted 
  to 
  the 
  Turin 
  Phytopathological 
  Observatory. 
  

   Special 
  stations 
  for 
  observation 
  were 
  estabhshed 
  in 
  the 
  provinces 
  of 
  

   Turin, 
  Cuneo, 
  Alessandria 
  and 
  Novara. 
  Observations 
  were 
  also 
  made 
  

   in 
  districts 
  without 
  special 
  stations. 
  The 
  results 
  obtained 
  show 
  that 
  

   in 
  Piedmont 
  Polychrosis 
  is 
  more 
  widely 
  distributed 
  than 
  Clysia. 
  The 
  

   latter 
  was 
  occasionally 
  numerous 
  (50-80 
  per 
  cent.) 
  in 
  colder 
  districts 
  

   at 
  the 
  mouths 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  valleys 
  and 
  was 
  also 
  frequent 
  (50-65 
  

   per 
  cent.) 
  at 
  Gattinara, 
  in 
  the 
  province 
  of 
  Novara. 
  In 
  the 
  true 
  vine- 
  

   growing 
  districts 
  exposed 
  to 
  the 
  sun 
  in 
  the 
  provinces 
  of 
  Turin, 
  

   Alessandria 
  and 
  Cuneo, 
  Clysia 
  varied 
  from 
  2 
  to 
  4 
  per 
  cent., 
  and 
  in 
  

   exceptional 
  cases 
  10 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  The 
  development 
  of 
  Polychrosis 
  has 
  a 
  direct 
  relation 
  to 
  the 
  humidity 
  

   of 
  the 
  air 
  and 
  is 
  favoured 
  by 
  damp. 
  Spring 
  changes 
  of 
  temperature 
  

   which 
  have 
  an 
  injurious 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  vines, 
  have 
  Httle 
  

   eifect 
  on 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  insect. 
  The 
  spring 
  flight 
  of 
  moths 
  

   occurred 
  throughout 
  May 
  at 
  practically 
  all 
  stations 
  ; 
  in 
  one 
  station 
  

   only 
  they 
  continued 
  to 
  appear 
  until 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  June. 
  They 
  

   lived 
  from 
  13 
  to 
  15 
  days 
  and 
  oviposited 
  on 
  the 
  stalks 
  of 
  the 
  bunches 
  

   and 
  the 
  pedicels 
  of 
  the 
  flowers, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  half 
  of 
  May, 
  

   but 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  June. 
  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  generation 
  

   appeared 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May, 
  pupation 
  taking 
  place 
  from 
  about 
  the 
  

   10th 
  June 
  until 
  July. 
  The 
  summer 
  generation 
  appeared 
  at 
  the 
  observa- 
  

   tory 
  on 
  26th 
  June, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  stations 
  during 
  the 
  early 
  days 
  of 
  July, 
  

   with 
  a 
  maximum 
  from 
  the 
  14th 
  to 
  22nd. 
  The 
  moths 
  lived 
  11 
  to 
  14 
  

   days 
  and 
  began 
  depositing 
  eggs 
  on 
  the 
  grapes 
  about 
  the 
  15th 
  July, 
  

   continuing 
  until 
  early 
  in 
  August. 
  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  generation 
  

   appeared 
  during 
  the 
  last 
  week 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  in 
  August, 
  pupating 
  at 
  

   the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  month. 
  The 
  autumn 
  brood 
  only 
  appeared 
  at 
  three 
  

   stations 
  from 
  the 
  17th 
  to 
  22nd 
  September 
  shortly 
  after 
  the 
  vintage, 
  

   and 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  at 
  Barolo 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  third 
  

   generation 
  of 
  larvae 
  on 
  the 
  Nebiolo 
  vine. 
  The 
  mode 
  of 
  cultivation 
  has 
  

   considerable 
  influence 
  on 
  the 
  development 
  and 
  spread 
  of 
  the 
  pest. 
  

   Where 
  the 
  canes 
  or 
  wooden 
  supports 
  are 
  replaced 
  by 
  iron, 
  sandstone 
  

   or 
  concrete, 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  insects 
  is 
  considerably 
  reduced. 
  Instead 
  

   of 
  watching 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  moth 
  in 
  the 
  vineyards, 
  

   small 
  gauze 
  cages 
  containing 
  pupae 
  should 
  be 
  suspended 
  along 
  the 
  

   rows 
  and 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  emergence 
  noted. 
  The 
  results 
  are 
  better 
  than 
  

   those 
  obtained 
  by 
  lamp 
  traps, 
  because 
  Polychrosis 
  only 
  flies 
  

   at 
  dusk. 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  with 
  2 
  to 
  2*5 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  tobacco 
  

   extract 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  an 
  eiTective 
  dressing, 
  but 
  the 
  addition 
  

   of 
  1 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  sodium 
  carbonate 
  to 
  plain 
  tobacco 
  extract 
  

   was 
  found 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  more 
  efficient 
  dressing 
  than 
  the 
  com- 
  

   bination 
  of 
  tobacco 
  and 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture. 
  An 
  intermittent 
  jet 
  

  

  