﻿673 
  

  

  Parrott 
  (P. 
  J.). 
  Some 
  Considerations 
  on 
  Protection 
  of 
  Orchards 
  from 
  

   Insects. 
  — 
  Proc. 
  59th 
  Ann. 
  Meeting, 
  Western 
  New 
  York 
  Hortic. 
  

   Soc, 
  Rochester, 
  28tli-30th 
  Jan. 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  110-118, 
  5 
  figs. 
  

   [Reprint 
  received 
  9th 
  Nov. 
  1914.] 
  

  

  Advice 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  best 
  means 
  of 
  protecting 
  orchards 
  from 
  insects 
  

   is 
  here 
  given, 
  as 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  recent 
  spraying 
  investigations. 
  Insect 
  

   eggs 
  are 
  less 
  resistant 
  to 
  insecticides 
  than 
  has 
  hitherto 
  been 
  supposed, 
  

   and 
  those 
  of 
  Psylla 
  jpijri 
  are 
  among 
  the 
  most 
  susceptible 
  ; 
  common 
  

   oil 
  emulsions 
  and 
  miscible 
  oils 
  do 
  not 
  affect 
  them, 
  but 
  eggs 
  about 
  to 
  

   hatch, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  newly 
  emerged 
  nymphs, 
  are 
  susceptible 
  to 
  hme- 
  

   sulphur 
  mixture 
  ; 
  the 
  solution, 
  testing 
  32-34° 
  B., 
  diluted 
  1 
  part 
  to 
  

   8 
  or 
  9 
  of 
  water, 
  should 
  be 
  used 
  liberally, 
  preferably 
  in 
  May, 
  when 
  

   P. 
  pyri 
  and 
  Aspidiotus 
  perniciosus 
  can 
  be 
  destroyed 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  spray- 
  

   ing. 
  Cacoecia 
  (Archips) 
  argyrospila, 
  the 
  fruit-tree 
  leaf-roller, 
  though 
  

   exceptionally 
  resistant 
  to 
  the 
  usual 
  spraying 
  mixtures, 
  is 
  vulnerable 
  

   in 
  its 
  egg 
  stage 
  to 
  the 
  commercial 
  miscible 
  oils 
  ; 
  96 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  

   egg-masses 
  were 
  destroyed 
  in 
  tests 
  in 
  which 
  1 
  gallon 
  oil 
  to 
  15 
  gallons 
  

   water 
  were 
  used. 
  Sulphur 
  sprays 
  and 
  various 
  lime 
  washes 
  are 
  most 
  

   effective 
  insecticides, 
  but 
  for 
  Aphid 
  eggs 
  they 
  are 
  unsatisfactory, 
  

   and 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  tobacco 
  extract 
  and 
  soap, 
  before 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  

   curled, 
  is 
  preferable. 
  Alkaline 
  polysulphides 
  used 
  against 
  the 
  San 
  

   Jose 
  scale 
  were 
  effective 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  order 
  : 
  Barium, 
  calcium, 
  

   sodium, 
  potassium 
  ; 
  they 
  were 
  useless 
  for 
  hght 
  infestations, 
  for 
  plant- 
  

   lice 
  and 
  for 
  various 
  species 
  of 
  caterpillars, 
  nor 
  were 
  they 
  as 
  uniformly 
  

   effective 
  as 
  the 
  lime-sulphur 
  solution 
  commonly 
  used. 
  Combined 
  

   with 
  lead-arsenate, 
  all 
  the 
  polysulphides 
  were 
  poisonous 
  to 
  cater- 
  

   pillars, 
  but 
  damaged 
  the 
  fohage 
  of 
  apple, 
  pear, 
  peach 
  and 
  potato, 
  

   especially 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  sodium 
  and 
  potassium 
  preparations. 
  

  

  Against 
  tree-hoppers 
  in 
  apple 
  orchards, 
  which, 
  especially 
  Ceresa 
  

   bubalus, 
  are 
  very 
  injurious, 
  clean 
  culture 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  is 
  the 
  

   best 
  preventive 
  measure. 
  Though 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  is 
  subject 
  to 
  

   the 
  attacks 
  of 
  five 
  species 
  of 
  internal 
  parasites 
  and 
  of 
  two 
  Coccinellids, 
  

   Rhizobius 
  ventralis 
  and 
  Chilocorus 
  bivulnerus, 
  Muls., 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  

   36 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  parasitism 
  has 
  been 
  observed, 
  and 
  therefore 
  spraying 
  

   with 
  Hme-sulphur 
  cannot 
  be 
  dispensed 
  with. 
  

  

  Parrott 
  (P. 
  J.) 
  & 
  Fulton 
  (B. 
  B.). 
  Tree-crickets 
  injurious 
  to 
  orchard 
  

   and 
  garden 
  fruits. 
  — 
  New 
  York 
  Agric. 
  Expt. 
  Sta., 
  Geneva, 
  Bull, 
  

   no. 
  388, 
  May 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  417-461, 
  10 
  pis., 
  9 
  figs. 
  [Received 
  14th 
  

   December 
  1914.] 
  

   This 
  is 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  life-history, 
  habits, 
  etc., 
  of 
  the 
  snowy 
  tree- 
  

   cricket, 
  Oecanthus 
  niveus, 
  De 
  Geer, 
  the 
  narrow- 
  winged 
  tree-cricket, 
  

   0. 
  angustipennis. 
  Fitch, 
  and 
  the 
  striped 
  tree-cricket, 
  0. 
  fasciatus. 
  

   Fitch 
  (nigricornis, 
  Walker), 
  which 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  injurious 
  species 
  

   attacking 
  bush 
  and 
  tree 
  fruits 
  in 
  New 
  York, 
  in 
  which 
  State 
  Oecanthus 
  

   exclamationis, 
  Davis, 
  0. 
  quadripunctatus, 
  Beut., 
  0. 
  pini, 
  Beut., 
  and 
  

   0. 
  latipennis, 
  Riley, 
  also 
  occur. 
  During 
  their 
  early 
  nymphal 
  stages 
  

   the 
  tree-crickets 
  have 
  pronounced 
  predaceous 
  habits. 
  As 
  they 
  

   approach 
  maturity 
  they 
  become 
  phjrtophagous 
  or 
  mycophagous, 
  

   subsisting 
  on 
  flowers, 
  foliage, 
  fruit 
  and 
  minute 
  fungi. 
  Eggs 
  are 
  

   deposited 
  during 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  August 
  and 
  throughout 
  September, 
  

   but 
  do 
  not 
  hatch 
  until 
  the 
  following 
  June 
  ; 
  there 
  are 
  five 
  nymphal 
  

   instars 
  and 
  the 
  adults 
  appear 
  in 
  August. 
  

  

  (C98) 
  P.86/57. 
  1500. 
  12.14. 
  B.&F.Ltd. 
  Gp.11.3. 
  A 
  

  

  