﻿674 
  

  

  0. 
  niveus 
  oviposits 
  on 
  many 
  difierent 
  plants, 
  mostly 
  on 
  apple, 
  

   plum 
  and 
  cherry, 
  less 
  commonly 
  on 
  raspberry 
  and 
  walnut. 
  This 
  

   species 
  subsists 
  on 
  a 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  animal 
  and 
  vegetable 
  foods. 
  

   Microscopical 
  examinations 
  of 
  crop 
  contents 
  have 
  shown 
  that, 
  in 
  

   addition 
  to 
  other 
  insects, 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  may 
  under 
  certain 
  con- 
  

   ditions 
  form 
  a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  diet 
  of 
  this 
  cricket. 
  It 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  

   observed 
  to 
  eat 
  holes 
  in 
  raspberry 
  and 
  apple 
  leaves, 
  and 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  

   attack 
  ripening 
  fruits. 
  It 
  derives 
  its 
  reputation 
  as 
  an 
  orchard 
  pest 
  

   chiefly 
  from 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  diseased 
  areas 
  about 
  the 
  wounds 
  made 
  

   by 
  oviposition 
  in 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  apple 
  trees. 
  These 
  areas 
  in 
  external 
  

   appearance 
  resemble 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  common 
  apple 
  cankers. 
  0. 
  angusti- 
  

   pennis 
  has 
  similar 
  habits 
  and 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  apple 
  orchards, 
  and 
  has 
  

   also 
  been 
  observed 
  in 
  considerable 
  numbers 
  on 
  alders, 
  scrub 
  and 
  burr 
  

   oaks. 
  As 
  with 
  0. 
  niveus, 
  various 
  bark 
  disorders 
  may 
  attend 
  oviposi- 
  

   tion 
  in 
  apple 
  trees. 
  0. 
  fasciatus 
  {nigricornis), 
  unlike 
  the 
  preceding 
  

   species, 
  prefers 
  plants 
  which 
  have 
  a 
  central 
  pith 
  surrounded 
  by 
  an 
  

   outer 
  woody 
  layer, 
  and 
  it 
  oviposits 
  mostly 
  on 
  raspberry, 
  blackberry, 
  

   Erigeron 
  canadensis, 
  and 
  the 
  larger 
  species 
  of 
  Solidago. 
  The 
  eggs 
  

   are 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  series, 
  forming 
  a 
  single 
  row, 
  in 
  the 
  current 
  year's 
  growth. 
  

   This 
  species 
  feeds 
  on 
  the 
  anthers 
  and 
  petals 
  of 
  flowers, 
  raspberry 
  leaves 
  

   and 
  fruit 
  ; 
  leaf 
  tissues, 
  fungus 
  mycelium 
  and 
  spores 
  constituted 
  a 
  

   large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  crop 
  contents 
  of 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  specimens 
  examined. 
  

   Considerable 
  injuries 
  arise 
  from 
  the 
  long 
  series 
  of 
  punctures 
  which 
  

   it 
  produces 
  in 
  the 
  canes 
  during 
  the 
  process 
  of 
  egg-laying. 
  As 
  a 
  result 
  

   of 
  the 
  rupturing 
  of 
  the 
  woody 
  tissues, 
  the 
  cane 
  splits 
  at 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  

   injury 
  and 
  eventually 
  breaks. 
  

  

  The 
  tree- 
  crickets 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Oecanihus 
  are 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  attacks 
  

   of 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  natural 
  enemies, 
  the 
  most 
  common 
  and 
  eflB.cient 
  of 
  

   these 
  being 
  egg-parasites, 
  of 
  which 
  three 
  species 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  

   Chalcidoidea 
  and 
  five 
  to 
  the 
  Proctotrupidae 
  are 
  known. 
  Probably 
  

   most 
  of 
  these 
  were 
  reared 
  from 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  0. 
  fasciatus 
  or 
  possibly 
  

   0. 
  quadripunctatus. 
  The 
  authors 
  have 
  reared 
  both 
  the 
  Mymarid, 
  

   Polynema 
  bifasciatipenne, 
  Girault, 
  and 
  the 
  Proctotrupid, 
  Cacus 
  

   oecanthi, 
  Riley, 
  from 
  eggs 
  of 
  0. 
  fasciatus 
  in 
  raspberry. 
  A 
  Dipterous 
  

   larva 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  a 
  specimen 
  of 
  quadripunctatus 
  in 
  the 
  fifth 
  nymphal 
  

   instar 
  and 
  occasional 
  examples 
  of 
  crickets 
  parasitised 
  by 
  a 
  species 
  

   of 
  Mermis 
  have 
  been 
  noticed. 
  

  

  Cultivation 
  to 
  destroy 
  foreign 
  vegetation, 
  such 
  as 
  weeds 
  and 
  brush, 
  

   and 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  ground 
  about 
  trees 
  and 
  vines 
  clean 
  is 
  an 
  efficient 
  

   measure 
  for 
  the 
  prevention 
  of 
  damage. 
  While 
  the 
  susceptibility 
  of 
  

   these 
  insects 
  to 
  arsenicals 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  conclusively 
  demonstrated, 
  it 
  is 
  

   believed 
  that 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  tree-crickets 
  are 
  reduced 
  by 
  summer 
  

   applications 
  of 
  these 
  poisons. 
  Raspberry 
  canes 
  showing 
  extensive 
  

   oviposition 
  should 
  be 
  removed 
  in 
  winter 
  or 
  the 
  spring 
  prunings 
  burned 
  

   to 
  destroy 
  the 
  eggs 
  contained 
  in 
  them. 
  

  

  Brittain 
  (W. 
  H.). 
  Report 
  from 
  the 
  Okanagan 
  District 
  : 
  Insect 
  Pests 
  

   of 
  the 
  Year. 
  — 
  Proc. 
  Entmn. 
  Soc.Br. 
  Columbia, 
  Victoria, 
  B.C., 
  no. 
  4, 
  

   N.S., 
  January 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  14-19. 
  [Received 
  17th 
  November 
  1914.] 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  were 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  important 
  pests 
  during 
  1913 
  : 
  — 
  

   Prom 
  larvae 
  resembling 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  true 
  bud-moth, 
  Eucosma 
  (Tmeto- 
  

   cera) 
  oceUana, 
  three 
  distinct 
  species 
  of 
  moths 
  were 
  reared, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  

  

  