﻿698 
  

  

  a 
  semi-solid 
  product 
  results, 
  1 
  to 
  IJ 
  parts 
  of 
  which 
  readily 
  dissolve 
  in 
  

   100 
  parts 
  of 
  water. 
  This 
  solution 
  has 
  proved 
  a 
  most 
  effectual 
  remedy 
  

   against 
  sucking 
  insects. 
  To 
  prepare 
  Paranaph 
  take 
  56 
  lb. 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  

   soft 
  soap 
  (the 
  Chiswick 
  Imperial 
  is 
  recommended) 
  and 
  add 
  2 
  gallons 
  

   of 
  water. 
  Simmer 
  over 
  a 
  fire 
  with 
  constant 
  stirring 
  until 
  all 
  lumps 
  

   have 
  disappeared. 
  Add 
  6 
  lb. 
  of 
  naphthalin 
  and 
  stir 
  until 
  dissolved. 
  

   Remove 
  from 
  the 
  fire 
  and 
  add 
  2 
  Imperial 
  gallons 
  of 
  ordinary 
  kerosene 
  

   oil. 
  Stir 
  until 
  uniform. 
  The 
  finished 
  product 
  is 
  semi-solid 
  and 
  dis- 
  

   solves 
  readily 
  in 
  cold 
  water 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  give 
  a 
  milky 
  emulsion. 
  Lefroy 
  

   found 
  that 
  a 
  very 
  satisfactory 
  emulsion 
  could 
  be 
  obtained 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

   10 
  lb. 
  of 
  whale-oil 
  soap 
  is 
  heated 
  to 
  the 
  boiling 
  point, 
  or, 
  if 
  it 
  contained 
  

   much 
  water, 
  boiled 
  for 
  a 
  time 
  to 
  drive 
  off 
  the 
  excess. 
  In 
  the 
  boiling 
  

   soap 
  4 
  oz. 
  of 
  naphthalin 
  are 
  dissolved 
  ; 
  5J 
  pints 
  of 
  crude 
  Barbados 
  

   petroleum 
  are 
  added 
  and 
  the 
  mixture 
  accomplished 
  by 
  vigorous 
  

   stirring. 
  This 
  mixture 
  easily 
  dissolves 
  in 
  water 
  and 
  is 
  most 
  efficient 
  

   in 
  killing 
  scale-insects. 
  Scalo 
  [see 
  this 
  Review, 
  Ser. 
  A, 
  ii, 
  p. 
  144] 
  is 
  a 
  

   modification 
  of 
  paranaph 
  and 
  Lefroy's 
  mixture 
  due 
  to 
  Mr. 
  J. 
  C. 
  Moore, 
  

   Agricultural 
  Superintendent, 
  St. 
  Lucia. 
  Scalo 
  is 
  made 
  up 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

   Whale-oil 
  soap 
  56 
  lb., 
  water 
  (2 
  gals.) 
  20 
  lb., 
  naphthalin 
  (crude) 
  6 
  lb., 
  

   kerosene 
  (1 
  case 
  of 
  8 
  Imperial 
  gals.) 
  65 
  lb. 
  The 
  whale-oil 
  soap 
  and 
  

   water 
  are 
  heated 
  until 
  the 
  soap 
  is 
  dissolved. 
  The 
  naphthalin 
  is 
  then 
  

   added, 
  and 
  while 
  this 
  mixture 
  is 
  boiling 
  vigorously 
  it 
  is 
  removed 
  from 
  

   the 
  fire 
  and 
  half 
  the 
  kerosene 
  oil 
  is 
  added 
  and 
  stirred 
  in 
  with 
  a 
  flat 
  

   paddle. 
  This 
  will 
  cool 
  the 
  mixture 
  and 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  necessary 
  to 
  heat 
  it 
  

   again 
  to 
  boiling 
  point 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  work 
  in 
  the 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  oil. 
  

   Care 
  must 
  be 
  exercised 
  in 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  process 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  not 
  a 
  

   sufficient 
  amount 
  of 
  free 
  oil 
  present 
  to 
  take 
  fire. 
  Scalo 
  is 
  very 
  efficient 
  

   in 
  treating 
  the 
  more 
  common 
  scale-insects. 
  

  

  Paranaph 
  has 
  been 
  recommended 
  in 
  Jamaica 
  for 
  ridding 
  houses 
  of 
  

   fleas, 
  for 
  destroying 
  ticks 
  on 
  animals 
  [see 
  this 
  Revieiv, 
  Ser. 
  B, 
  ii, 
  p. 
  203], 
  

   for 
  killing 
  scale-insects 
  (it 
  is 
  not 
  thoroughly 
  effective 
  against 
  such 
  a 
  

   resistant 
  insect 
  as 
  Chionaspis 
  citri), 
  green 
  fly 
  or 
  aphides 
  of 
  various 
  

   kinds. 
  

  

  Scalo 
  combines 
  a 
  very 
  high 
  percentage 
  of 
  kerosene 
  and 
  whale-oil, 
  

   possesses 
  good 
  wetting 
  qualities 
  and 
  is 
  effective 
  against 
  such 
  resistant 
  

   insects 
  as 
  the 
  orange 
  mussel 
  or 
  purple 
  scale 
  (Lepidosaphes 
  beckii), 
  and 
  

   does 
  no 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  young 
  leaves 
  and 
  shoots 
  of 
  orange 
  trees 
  even 
  

   when 
  used 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  1 
  lb. 
  to 
  1 
  gallon 
  of 
  water. 
  

  

  Exophthalmus 
  esuriens 
  on 
  sugar-cane 
  in 
  St. 
  Kitts. 
  — 
  Agric. 
  News, 
  

   Barbados, 
  xiii, 
  no. 
  322, 
  29th 
  August 
  1914, 
  p. 
  287. 
  

  

  As 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  an 
  experiment 
  with 
  root-borer 
  grubs, 
  the 
  adult 
  has 
  

   been 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  Exophthalmus 
  esuriens 
  [see 
  this 
  Review, 
  Ser. 
  A, 
  

   ii, 
  p. 
  603], 
  which 
  was 
  not 
  definitely 
  known 
  previously 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  pest 
  

   of 
  sugar-cane 
  in 
  St. 
  Kitts. 
  The 
  eggs 
  have 
  been 
  discovered 
  on 
  the 
  

   split 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  sugar-cane. 
  

  

  Fantozzi 
  (M.). 
  II 
  fleotribo 
  negli 
  uliveti 
  della 
  Bassa 
  Sabina. 
  [Phleo- 
  

   tribus 
  in 
  the 
  olive 
  groves 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  Sabine 
  region.] 
  — 
  VAgricol- 
  

   tura 
  Sabina, 
  Poggio 
  Mirteto, 
  xiii, 
  no. 
  8, 
  31st 
  August 
  1914, 
  p. 
  35. 
  

  

  The 
  Scolytid 
  beetle, 
  Phloeotribus 
  oleae, 
  F., 
  has 
  injured 
  many 
  olive 
  

   trees 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  Sabine 
  region 
  (Umbria), 
  the 
  trunks 
  being 
  bored 
  

  

  