﻿704 
  

  

  where 
  a 
  large 
  pokeweed 
  stalk, 
  alive 
  with 
  mites, 
  was 
  growing. 
  It 
  is 
  

   not, 
  however, 
  definitely 
  established 
  whether 
  this 
  plant 
  is 
  a 
  true 
  winter 
  

   host 
  for 
  the 
  mite. 
  T. 
  bimaculatus 
  may 
  be 
  spread 
  accidentally 
  by 
  other 
  

   creatures, 
  but 
  also 
  travels 
  from 
  plant 
  to 
  plant 
  across 
  interlacing 
  

   branches. 
  McDonough 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  have 
  recently 
  determined 
  that 
  

   where 
  isolated 
  patches 
  of 
  infestation 
  occur 
  T. 
  bimaculatus 
  has 
  been 
  

   dispersed 
  by 
  rain 
  ; 
  these 
  mites 
  are 
  not, 
  as 
  hitherto 
  supposed, 
  

   always 
  destroyed 
  when 
  washed 
  off 
  by 
  rain, 
  but 
  require 
  to 
  be 
  

   submerged 
  for 
  9 
  hours 
  before 
  they 
  are 
  killed 
  ; 
  they 
  are 
  often 
  carried 
  

   away 
  and 
  scattered 
  in 
  thousands 
  in 
  the 
  streamlets 
  between 
  rows 
  of 
  

   crops. 
  Heavy 
  rains 
  decrease 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  infestation, 
  but 
  also 
  

   extend 
  the 
  distribution. 
  T. 
  bimaculatus 
  does 
  not 
  hibernate 
  and 
  is 
  

   remarkably 
  adapted 
  to 
  withstand 
  low 
  temperatures. 
  Adults 
  collected 
  

   after 
  a 
  night 
  temperature 
  of 
  13° 
  F. 
  rapidly 
  revived 
  on 
  being 
  brought 
  

   indoors 
  ; 
  the 
  young 
  stages 
  are, 
  however, 
  killed 
  by 
  low 
  temperatures. 
  

   As 
  regards 
  remedial 
  measures 
  against 
  red 
  spider, 
  clean 
  culture 
  and 
  

   the 
  selection 
  of 
  immune 
  varieties 
  are 
  important. 
  Hite, 
  Kussell, 
  

   Summerour 
  " 
  Half 
  and 
  Half 
  " 
  and 
  Cleveland 
  were 
  the 
  varieties 
  of 
  

   cotton 
  which 
  suffered 
  least 
  of 
  those 
  investigated. 
  Early 
  planting 
  

   seems 
  to 
  give 
  better 
  results 
  than 
  late 
  planting. 
  Where 
  infestation 
  has 
  

   not 
  advanced 
  far, 
  the 
  pulling 
  up 
  and 
  destroying 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  few 
  infested 
  

   plants 
  is 
  usually 
  effective. 
  Probably 
  ploughing 
  a 
  wide 
  swathe 
  just 
  

   outside 
  the 
  boundary 
  of 
  infestation 
  would 
  also 
  be 
  useful. 
  A 
  number 
  

   of 
  spray-combinations 
  were 
  investigated, 
  of 
  which 
  potassium 
  sulphide, 
  

   3 
  lb. 
  to 
  100 
  gals., 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  ideal 
  red 
  spider 
  spray 
  ; 
  100 
  gals., 
  

   applied 
  as 
  a 
  misty 
  spray, 
  was 
  sufficient 
  for 
  an 
  acre 
  of 
  average-sized 
  

   cotton, 
  and 
  cost 
  35. 
  An 
  important 
  insect 
  enemy 
  of 
  red 
  spider 
  is 
  the 
  

   larva 
  of 
  the 
  recently 
  described 
  Cecidomyid 
  fly, 
  Arthrocnodax 
  Carolina, 
  

   Felt, 
  which 
  seems 
  to 
  confine 
  its 
  attacks 
  to 
  the 
  eggs. 
  Late 
  in 
  the 
  

   season, 
  it 
  is 
  itself 
  parasitised 
  by 
  the 
  Chalcid, 
  Aphanogmus 
  floridanics. 
  

   The 
  Anthocorid 
  bug, 
  Triphleps 
  insidiosus, 
  preys 
  upon 
  red 
  spider, 
  both 
  

   as 
  a 
  nymph 
  and 
  an 
  adult, 
  the 
  former 
  feeding 
  chiefly 
  upon 
  the 
  eggs, 
  

   while 
  the 
  latter 
  destroys 
  the 
  later 
  stages. 
  The 
  CoccinelHd, 
  Stethorus 
  

   punctum, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  Chrysopa 
  oculata 
  and 
  Scolothrips 
  sexmaculata, 
  

   also 
  do 
  good 
  work 
  in 
  this 
  respect. 
  

  

  Whitmarsh 
  (R. 
  D.). 
  The 
  Green 
  Soldier 
  Bug 
  (Nezara 
  hilaris). 
  — 
  Jl. 
  

   Econ. 
  Enlom., 
  Concord, 
  vii, 
  no. 
  4, 
  August 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  336-339. 
  

  

  In 
  1911, 
  peaches 
  along 
  the 
  Marblehead 
  peninsular 
  region 
  of 
  L. 
  Erie 
  

   were 
  seriously 
  attacked 
  by 
  N 
  . 
  hilaris. 
  The 
  bugs 
  attack 
  the 
  fruit 
  from 
  

   the 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  until 
  late 
  autumn, 
  puncturing 
  the 
  skin 
  and 
  

   sucking 
  the 
  juices. 
  In 
  1912, 
  practically 
  no 
  damage 
  was 
  done 
  

   in 
  this 
  region. 
  In 
  1913, 
  N. 
  hilaris 
  occurred 
  in 
  small 
  numbers 
  on 
  

   peaches, 
  but 
  was 
  particularly 
  abundant 
  on 
  wild 
  cherry 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  

   part 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  later 
  on 
  elderberry, 
  black 
  haw 
  and 
  dogwood 
  (Cornus 
  

   alternifolia). 
  Adults 
  first 
  appeared 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  were 
  

   abundant 
  until 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  month, 
  disappearing 
  after 
  the 
  middle 
  

   of 
  July. 
  The 
  period 
  from 
  the 
  egg 
  to 
  the 
  adult 
  varies, 
  the 
  shortest 
  

   period 
  recorded 
  from 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  hatching 
  of 
  the 
  egg 
  to 
  the 
  adult 
  

   stage 
  was 
  from 
  July 
  23rd 
  to 
  September 
  10th, 
  forty-nine 
  days, 
  the 
  

   eggs 
  having 
  been 
  laid 
  on 
  July 
  14th 
  ; 
  the 
  longest 
  period, 
  until 
  

   October 
  6th, 
  or 
  seventy-five 
  days. 
  The 
  nymphs 
  moulted 
  five 
  times 
  

   and 
  hibernated 
  as 
  adults. 
  

  

  