﻿706 
  

  

  White 
  (P. 
  B.). 
  The 
  Food 
  of 
  the 
  Common 
  Mole.— 
  JZ. 
  Bd. 
  Agric, 
  

   London, 
  xxi, 
  no. 
  5, 
  August 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  401-407, 
  1 
  table. 
  

  

  Investigations 
  into 
  the 
  food 
  of 
  the 
  common 
  mole, 
  Talpa 
  europea, 
  

   in 
  North 
  Wales, 
  show 
  that 
  earth-worms 
  and 
  leather- 
  jackets 
  (Tipula 
  

   larvae) 
  are 
  the 
  staple 
  articles 
  of 
  diet 
  ; 
  a 
  mole 
  eats 
  on 
  an 
  average 
  20 
  

   leather- 
  jackets 
  a 
  day, 
  while 
  centipedes 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  50 
  per 
  cent., 
  

   and 
  wire-worms 
  in 
  41 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  stomachs 
  examined. 
  It 
  is 
  

   suggested 
  that 
  an 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  stomach 
  contents 
  of 
  these 
  

   animals 
  would 
  often 
  give 
  a 
  good 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  soil 
  pests 
  of 
  a 
  particular 
  

   piece 
  of 
  land. 
  

  

  Jack 
  (K. 
  W.). 
  The 
  Dusty 
  Surface 
  Beetle 
  {Opatrum 
  aequale). 
  — 
  Rhodesia 
  

   Agric.JL, 
  Salisbury, 
  xi, 
  no. 
  6, 
  August 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  894-981, 
  2 
  plates. 
  

  

  Gonocephalum 
  simplex, 
  F., 
  (Opatrum 
  aequale) 
  is 
  a 
  beetle 
  of 
  nocturnal 
  

   habits, 
  which 
  lives 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  soil 
  ; 
  by 
  day 
  it 
  hides 
  in 
  shel- 
  

   tered 
  places, 
  and 
  is 
  generally 
  associated 
  with 
  Emyon 
  tristis 
  ; 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   emerge 
  in 
  from 
  7-10 
  days 
  from 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  oviposition 
  and 
  they 
  

   somewhat 
  resemble 
  Elaterid 
  grubs, 
  but 
  differ 
  in 
  having 
  the 
  first 
  pair 
  

   of 
  legs 
  stouter 
  than 
  the 
  others 
  ; 
  they 
  form 
  fragile, 
  earthern 
  chambers 
  

   in 
  which 
  they 
  pupate. 
  Pupation 
  takes 
  place 
  about 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  

   November, 
  the 
  adults 
  emerging 
  in 
  December. 
  Their 
  chief 
  food-plant 
  

   is 
  maize, 
  which 
  they 
  seriously 
  damage 
  by 
  devouring 
  the 
  dry 
  seed 
  and 
  

   nibbling 
  the 
  young 
  heart-leaves 
  ; 
  they 
  also 
  injure 
  newly-planted 
  

   tobacco, 
  potato 
  stems 
  and 
  various 
  cruciferous 
  plants 
  ; 
  the 
  beetles 
  

   also 
  eat 
  vegetable 
  rubbish 
  and 
  are 
  active 
  scavengers. 
  The 
  most 
  

   effective 
  control 
  method 
  is 
  to 
  destroy 
  the 
  adults 
  with 
  poisoned 
  bait 
  

   of 
  the 
  Mally 
  formula 
  : 
  Soda 
  arsenite, 
  1 
  lb. 
  ; 
  black 
  sugar, 
  treacle 
  or 
  

   molasses, 
  8 
  lb. 
  ; 
  water, 
  10 
  gals. 
  Dissolve 
  the 
  arsenite 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  

   boiling 
  water 
  and 
  add 
  to 
  the 
  sugar 
  or 
  treacle 
  solution 
  ; 
  moisten 
  finely 
  

   chopped 
  up 
  grass 
  with 
  the 
  poison 
  and 
  scatter 
  over 
  the 
  infested 
  ground. 
  

   One 
  and 
  three-quarter 
  sacks 
  of 
  the 
  chopped 
  bait 
  are 
  sufficient 
  for 
  

   5 
  acres, 
  the 
  cost, 
  including 
  labour, 
  being 
  less 
  than 
  \s. 
  per 
  acre. 
  It 
  is 
  

   important 
  not 
  to 
  apply 
  the 
  bait 
  too 
  early 
  ; 
  February 
  is 
  the 
  best 
  time, 
  

   or 
  when 
  planting 
  is 
  delayed 
  until 
  December, 
  the 
  bait 
  should 
  be 
  applied 
  

   before 
  planting. 
  

  

  Shinn 
  (J. 
  C). 
  The 
  Apricot. 
  — 
  Mihly. 
  Bull. 
  Cal. 
  State 
  Commiss. 
  Hortic, 
  

   Sacramento, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  8, 
  August 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  304-309. 
  

  

  The 
  black 
  scale, 
  Saissetia 
  oleae, 
  the 
  brown 
  scale 
  [Eulecanium 
  corni], 
  

   and 
  borers 
  are 
  the 
  insect 
  enemies 
  of 
  apricots 
  mentioned 
  in 
  this 
  paper, 
  

   which 
  mainly 
  deals 
  with 
  cultural 
  questions. 
  Spraying 
  with 
  distillate, 
  

   or 
  a 
  crude 
  oil 
  emulsion, 
  each 
  year 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  is 
  recommended 
  in 
  

   preference 
  to 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  natural 
  enemies 
  ; 
  this 
  spray 
  will 
  never 
  

   exterminate 
  the 
  scale, 
  but 
  will 
  reduce 
  it 
  to 
  a 
  minimum, 
  and 
  the 
  

   resulting 
  injury 
  will 
  be 
  very 
  slight. 
  

  

  Maskew 
  (F.). 
  Horticultural 
  Quarantine. 
  — 
  Mthly. 
  Bull. 
  Cal. 
  State 
  

   Commiss. 
  Hortic., 
  Sacramento, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  8, 
  August 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  309-318. 
  

  

  This 
  paper 
  outlines 
  the 
  origin, 
  development 
  and 
  practice 
  of 
  horti- 
  

   cultural 
  quarantine 
  in 
  California, 
  which 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  country 
  to 
  make 
  

   an 
  original 
  departure 
  in 
  the 
  application 
  of 
  quarantine 
  regulations, 
  and 
  

  

  