﻿710 
  

  

  to 
  fifty 
  gallons 
  of 
  water 
  ; 
  this 
  prevents 
  the 
  hatching 
  of 
  the 
  eggs. 
  In 
  

  

  controlling 
  the 
  pear-slug 
  {Eriocampoides 
  cerasi) 
  hellebore 
  and 
  black 
  

  

  leaf 
  40 
  have 
  proved 
  the 
  most 
  efficient 
  ; 
  cherry 
  and 
  plum 
  are 
  also 
  

  

  attacked. 
  Premature 
  ripening 
  of 
  currants 
  and 
  gooseberries 
  is 
  often 
  

  

  due 
  to 
  the 
  attack 
  of 
  the 
  gooseberry 
  fruit-fly 
  which 
  sometimes 
  destroys 
  

  

  75 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  crop. 
  The 
  adult 
  fly 
  emerges 
  during 
  early 
  summer 
  

  

  and 
  the 
  females 
  deposit 
  one 
  egg 
  in 
  each 
  fruit. 
  After 
  hatching, 
  

  

  the 
  larva 
  eats 
  through 
  the 
  fruit 
  to 
  the 
  seed. 
  The 
  winter 
  is 
  passed 
  in 
  

  

  the 
  pupal 
  stage, 
  the 
  cell 
  being 
  about 
  half 
  an 
  inch 
  below 
  the 
  surface 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  soil. 
  A 
  sweetened 
  poison 
  spray 
  (sugar 
  3 
  lb., 
  arsenate 
  of 
  

  

  lead 
  4 
  oz., 
  water 
  5 
  gallons) 
  seems 
  to 
  attract 
  the 
  fly, 
  but 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  

  

  applications 
  are 
  required. 
  The 
  best 
  spray 
  mixture 
  at 
  present 
  in 
  use 
  

  

  against 
  the 
  green 
  apple-aphis 
  is 
  black 
  leaf 
  40, 
  combined 
  with 
  sufficient 
  

  

  soap 
  solution 
  to 
  render 
  it 
  adhesive. 
  Cloudy 
  days, 
  when 
  the 
  humidity 
  

  

  is 
  high, 
  and 
  late 
  afternoons 
  are 
  the 
  best 
  times 
  for 
  application, 
  as 
  rapid 
  

  

  evaporation 
  has 
  a 
  tendency 
  to 
  reduce 
  the 
  effectiveness 
  of 
  any 
  contact 
  

  

  spray. 
  When 
  properly 
  apphed, 
  tobacco-stem 
  decoction, 
  kerosene 
  

  

  emulsion, 
  whale-oil 
  soap, 
  and 
  even 
  ivory 
  soap, 
  have 
  produced 
  good 
  

  

  results. 
  Spruce, 
  fir, 
  larch, 
  hemlock 
  and 
  white 
  pine 
  have 
  been 
  attacked 
  

  

  by 
  increasing 
  numbers 
  of 
  spruce 
  bud- 
  worm 
  {Tortrix 
  fumiferana), 
  hut 
  

  

  during 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  season 
  this 
  has 
  been 
  controlled 
  to 
  a 
  great 
  

  

  extent 
  by 
  parasitic 
  spiders. 
  The 
  larva 
  begins 
  feeding 
  when 
  growth 
  

  

  starts 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  and 
  becomes 
  mature 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  June 
  ; 
  

  

  pupation 
  then 
  takes 
  place, 
  the 
  moth 
  emerging 
  about 
  ten 
  days 
  later. 
  

  

  Eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  small 
  oval 
  patches 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  needle 
  from 
  the 
  

  

  end 
  of 
  June 
  to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  July 
  ; 
  these 
  eggs 
  hatch 
  in 
  about 
  a 
  week 
  

  

  and 
  the 
  young 
  larvae 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  terminal 
  shoots 
  of 
  the 
  branches 
  for 
  

  

  a 
  short 
  time 
  before 
  hibernating 
  near 
  the 
  bud. 
  A 
  most 
  efficient 
  control 
  

  

  method 
  consists 
  of 
  spraying 
  with 
  lead 
  arsenate, 
  5 
  lb. 
  to 
  100 
  U.S. 
  (83 
  

  

  Imp.) 
  gallons 
  of 
  water. 
  

  

  Philbrook 
  (E. 
  E.). 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  Special 
  Field 
  Agent 
  in 
  charge 
  of 
  

   Gypsy 
  Moth 
  work, 
  1913. 
  — 
  12th 
  Ann. 
  Rept. 
  Maine 
  Commissioner 
  

   Agric., 
  Augusta, 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  103-114 
  [included 
  in 
  Agriculture 
  of 
  

   Maine, 
  1913, 
  received 
  7th 
  October 
  1914]. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  1912, 
  85 
  towns 
  infested 
  with 
  gipsy 
  moth 
  were 
  

   reported, 
  but 
  during 
  1913, 
  this 
  figure 
  increased 
  to 
  171, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  

   doubtful 
  if 
  the 
  limit 
  had 
  then 
  been 
  reached. 
  In 
  order 
  to 
  carry 
  out 
  

   the 
  present 
  methods 
  of 
  control 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  sum 
  of 
  money 
  would 
  be 
  

   necessary 
  — 
  too 
  large 
  for 
  the 
  State 
  to 
  raise 
  — 
  and 
  therefore 
  the 
  education 
  

   of 
  the 
  public 
  to 
  handle 
  their 
  own 
  infestations 
  is 
  advised. 
  To 
  assist 
  

   them, 
  high-power 
  spraying 
  machines 
  should 
  be 
  purchased 
  by 
  the 
  

   different 
  towns. 
  In 
  orchards 
  the 
  gipsy 
  moth 
  is 
  readily 
  controlled 
  

   by 
  painting 
  the 
  egg-masses 
  with 
  creosote 
  in 
  winter 
  and 
  by 
  spra5dng 
  

   the 
  trees 
  with 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead, 
  10 
  pounds 
  to 
  100 
  U.S. 
  (83 
  Imp.) 
  gallons 
  

   of 
  water, 
  in 
  early 
  spring 
  when 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  hatching. 
  The 
  work 
  of 
  

   breeding 
  and 
  liberating 
  parasites 
  conducted 
  at 
  the 
  laboratory 
  estab- 
  

   lished 
  in 
  March 
  1913, 
  has 
  thus 
  far 
  been 
  concerned 
  with 
  Apanteles 
  

   lacteicolor 
  and 
  Meteorus 
  versicolor, 
  enemies 
  of 
  the 
  brown-tail 
  moth, 
  

   Compsilura 
  concinnata, 
  parasitic 
  on 
  both 
  the 
  gipsy 
  and 
  brown-tail 
  

   moths, 
  and 
  Calosoma 
  sycophanta 
  which 
  preys 
  on 
  both 
  pests. 
  A 
  

   description 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  method 
  of 
  rearing 
  Apanteles 
  adopted 
  at 
  

  

  