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  of 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  egg-clusters 
  by 
  floods 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  made, 
  

  

  but 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  conclusively 
  established 
  that 
  they 
  decompose 
  after 
  

  

  three 
  weeks 
  under 
  water, 
  if 
  not 
  before. 
  The 
  spring 
  floods 
  cover 
  the 
  soil 
  

  

  with 
  a 
  thick 
  stratum 
  of 
  mud 
  which, 
  on 
  drying 
  after 
  the 
  floods 
  subside, 
  

  

  forms 
  a 
  hard 
  coat 
  which 
  prevents 
  the 
  emergence 
  of 
  the 
  young, 
  even 
  

  

  if 
  the 
  eggs 
  retain 
  their 
  vitality. 
  On 
  spots 
  kept 
  constantly 
  wet 
  by 
  

  

  water 
  from 
  springs, 
  hatching 
  takes 
  place, 
  but 
  development 
  is 
  delayed. 
  

  

  Observations 
  on 
  parasites 
  of 
  locusts 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  

  

  is 
  Sarcophaga 
  lineata, 
  Fall., 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  which 
  were 
  found 
  both 
  on 
  

  

  the 
  larva 
  and 
  imago 
  and 
  cause 
  a 
  death 
  rate 
  of 
  22 
  per 
  cent. 
  The 
  

  

  BombyHid 
  fly, 
  Anastoechus 
  (Systoechus) 
  nitidulus, 
  F., 
  was 
  frequently 
  

  

  found 
  in 
  the 
  egg-clusters, 
  and 
  experiments 
  have 
  proved 
  that 
  the 
  imago 
  

  

  of 
  this 
  parasite 
  appears 
  in 
  nature 
  only 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  locusts 
  

  

  start 
  ovipositing. 
  The 
  percentage 
  of 
  clusters 
  destroyed 
  by 
  this 
  

  

  parasite 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  ascertained 
  ; 
  their 
  larvae 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  elevated 
  

  

  places, 
  while 
  only 
  single 
  specimens 
  appeared 
  in 
  low 
  and 
  damp 
  places 
  

  

  and 
  no 
  larvae 
  at 
  all 
  where 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  thick 
  overgrowth 
  of 
  reeds. 
  

  

  Another 
  parasite 
  of 
  L. 
  migratoria 
  was 
  a 
  worm 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Mermis, 
  

  

  which 
  caused 
  a 
  death 
  rate 
  of 
  10 
  per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  the 
  parasite 
  was 
  found 
  

  

  both 
  in 
  larvae 
  and 
  imagos, 
  from 
  one 
  to 
  three 
  worms 
  being 
  discovered 
  

  

  in 
  one 
  individual. 
  Locusts 
  infested 
  with 
  this 
  parasite 
  ultimately 
  

  

  perished. 
  Caloptenus 
  italicus 
  was 
  attacked 
  by 
  a 
  fungus, 
  Empusa 
  

  

  grylli, 
  Naw., 
  but 
  individuals 
  found 
  dead 
  from 
  this 
  disease 
  had 
  already 
  

  

  oviposited. 
  

  

  Other 
  pests 
  of 
  importance 
  in 
  the 
  government 
  were 
  : 
  — 
  Euproctis 
  

   chrysorrhoea, 
  L., 
  destroying 
  whole 
  orchards 
  of 
  quinces, 
  which 
  were 
  

   also 
  attacked 
  by 
  Bistort 
  hirtarius, 
  CI., 
  in 
  enormous 
  swarms. 
  The 
  

   outbreak 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  moth 
  afforded 
  an 
  opportunity 
  for 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  its 
  

   hfe-history 
  and 
  a 
  special 
  report 
  on 
  it 
  will 
  shortly 
  appear. 
  Apple, 
  

   cherry, 
  pear, 
  poplar 
  trees 
  and 
  others 
  suffered 
  from 
  an 
  outbreak 
  of 
  

   the 
  Galerucid 
  beetle, 
  Luperus 
  longicornis, 
  F., 
  which 
  was 
  specially 
  

   injurious 
  in 
  young 
  nurseries, 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  occurring 
  between 
  

   4th 
  and 
  14th 
  May, 
  after 
  which 
  the 
  insects 
  passed 
  to 
  meadow 
  plants. 
  

   Orchards 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Zarev 
  suffered 
  mostly 
  from 
  Rhynchites 
  

   auratus, 
  Scop., 
  Anthonomus 
  pomorum, 
  L., 
  Cydia 
  (Carpocapsa) 
  pomo- 
  

   nella, 
  L., 
  Eucosma 
  (Tmetocera) 
  ocellana, 
  F., 
  Aphis 
  pomi, 
  de 
  G., 
  and 
  

   Tingis 
  pyri, 
  F. 
  In 
  the 
  districts 
  of 
  Astrachan, 
  Krasnorjarsk 
  and 
  

   Enotaievsk, 
  orchards 
  were 
  damaged 
  by 
  C. 
  pomonella, 
  L., 
  Polychrosis 
  

   botrana, 
  Schiff., 
  Rhynchites 
  auratus, 
  Scop., 
  Epicometis 
  hirta, 
  Poda, 
  

   Hyponomeuta 
  malinellus, 
  Z., 
  Aphis 
  pomi 
  and 
  Psylla 
  pyricola, 
  Forst. 
  

   It 
  was 
  noticed 
  that 
  Hyponomeuta 
  malinellus 
  disappeared 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  

   under 
  report 
  from 
  localities 
  which 
  in 
  the 
  previous 
  year 
  were 
  visited 
  

   by 
  Phlyctaenodes 
  sticticalis, 
  and 
  this 
  fact 
  is 
  attributed 
  to 
  the 
  influence 
  

   of 
  parasites 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  pest. 
  Strawberries 
  suffered 
  from 
  

   Galerucella 
  tenella, 
  L., 
  while 
  poplar 
  trees 
  were 
  injured 
  by 
  caterpillars 
  

   of 
  Lithocolletis 
  populifoliella, 
  Tr., 
  which 
  damaged 
  leaves, 
  and 
  by 
  Paran- 
  

   threne 
  (Scapteron) 
  tabaniforme, 
  Roth., 
  injuring 
  the 
  wood 
  of 
  young 
  

   trees. 
  Opatrum 
  sabulosum, 
  Bjerk., 
  damaged 
  young 
  maize, 
  lucerne, 
  

   sunflowers 
  and 
  beetroot, 
  and 
  the 
  Pyralid, 
  Homoeosoma 
  nebulella, 
  Hb., 
  

   greatly 
  injured 
  early 
  plantings 
  of 
  sunflowers, 
  though 
  no 
  damage 
  was 
  

   done 
  to 
  late 
  plantings. 
  A 
  flea-beetle, 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  Chaetocnema 
  aridula, 
  

   Gyll., 
  destroyed 
  oats 
  and 
  wheat 
  in 
  one 
  locality. 
  Euxoa 
  segetum, 
  

   SchifE., 
  injured 
  seedlings 
  of 
  melons. 
  

  

  