Hydrographical Observations from the Danmark Expedition. 30i 



1 brush. 



1 cloth. 



2 cooking vessels. 



3 plates, 3 small cups, 1 sugar box. 



3 spoons, 3 teaspoons, '3 forks, 3 knives. 



And the following instrumenfs : 

 Water-bottle in box. 

 Thermometer in box. 

 Sling thermometer. 

 Barometer. 



Rod for measuring the thickness of the ice. 

 1 small meter-wheel. 

 1 box with bottles for water-samples. (Fig. 5). 



When the intended position for observations had been reached, 

 the tent was struck and a hole was made in the ice with the ice- 

 axe and lever. The hole was cut square with the side of the same 

 size as the supposed thickness of the ice at the place. Experience 

 had shown us, that it was necessary to cut the hole so large to begin 

 with, so as to have a large enough opening below for the passage of 

 the water-bottle. 



This was a very considerable work when the ice, as was often 

 the case, had a thickness of 1 to 2 m. The ice-borers could not be 

 used, as they did not make a large enough hole. 



A section of the hole would have almost the following appear- 

 ance. The man last down in the hole in digging was thus so deep 

 down, that he almost disappeared from 



sight, and he was obliged to be agile in ^ -y 



his movements, when the hole broke \. / 



through, as the water burst up with great \ / 



force into the opening owing to the pres- \ / 



sure of the ice. Lee 



As soon as the water reached the 

 surface, the surface temperature was \A/ater 



observed. Then two tent-poles and a 



small lever were lashed together to form a tripod, so that the 

 crossing-points hung directly over the opening (fig. 6). 



The meter-wheel was hung in a strop on the cross and the sledge 

 with the drum attached was then placed sideways in front of the hole. 



The wire was now run out over the meter-wheel, a sounding was 

 taken and the water-bottle let down to the various depths. Some- 

 times the meter-wheel froze fast and we were obliged to use the 

 blow-lamp to thaw it. Inside the tent the Lux apparatus was kept 

 constantly burning, so as to have the temperature positive. The 

 water-bottle when brought up was taken in here each time and the 

 water run into thf half-litre bottles. 



