Hydrographical Obsen-ations from the Danmark Expedition. 313 



Remarks : The surface salinity in the Greenland fjords increased, 

 as the Table 4 shows, from a minimum in summer to a maximum 

 in winter, whilst conA'ersely the temperature decreased from a max- 

 imum in summer to a minimum in winter. 



The variations were caused by the downflow of warmer fresh- 

 water in summer from the melting ice and snow, the separation of 

 chlorides in ■winter on the freezing of the water and the constant, 

 though slight addition of heat and chlorides from the deeper layers 

 due to mixing processes which were set up by the tidal wave com- 

 ing in from the deeper ocean over the barriers at the mouths of the 

 fjords. 



A further discussion of these observations will be given under 

 surface saJinity and thickness of the ice in Danmarks Havn and sur- 

 face salinity and thickness of the ice in the fjords, as also under 

 the discussion of the different hydrographical series. 



с Temperatiu-e, salinity and density scries. (Table 5.) 



Column 1 : Date. 



2 : Time, i. e. local time. 



3 : Latitude and longitude. 



4 : Wind, direction from which it blows, magnetic. 



5 : Current, direction to which it is running, ,, 



6 : Barometer in mm. 



7 : Air temperature in Centigrade. 



8 : Depth in meters. 



9 : Temperature recorded. 

 10 : Temperature correction. 

 11: Corrected temperature. 



12 : No. of thermometer. 



13 : Amount of chlorine determined by titration (Mohr). 

 14: Sahnity calculated from the amount of chlorine by 



means of Knudsen's tables. 



15 : Density of the sea-water at a pressure of one atmo- 

 sphere calculated from the amount of chlorine and 

 temperature by means of Knudsen's tables. 



16 : Temperature of freezing-point corresponding to the 

 amount of chlorine in the water ; taken from Martin 

 Knudsen's freezing-point tables. 



