356 Alf Trolle. 



1901 and the other in 1906, shows on the wliole, that the presence 

 of cold bottom-water from the Norwegian Sea near the surface is typ- 

 ical for this portion of the sea. 



St. LXXIX, 30/vii 1908. Situation 75П5' N., 8°45' W. The 

 temperature curve has a curiously complicated course, whilst the 

 curves for the density and salinity show regularly increasing values 

 towards the bottom. The bent course of the temperature curve is 

 due to the fact, that there are two waves of heat, one from above 

 from the atmosphere and one from a warm intermediate stream. 



In the uppermost 5 m. there is a warm wave which is due to the 

 heat of the day. Then follows the summer heat wave of the atmo- 

 sphere which has its maximum (+ 1.3°) at a depth of ca. 25 m., after 

 which the temperature decreases down to ca. 50 m. to a minimum 

 of -f 0.3°. From this depth the temperature increases again to a 

 maximum of + 0.9° at a depth of 100 m. as the result of the intermed- 

 iate layer of warm and very saline water which occurs here. Finally 

 the temperature decreases towards the bottom. 



The salinity curve shows a constant salinity of 34.87 p. m. in the 

 water from 100 m. down to the bottom — it is thus unmixed Nor- 

 wegian Sea bottom-water; the salinity is certainly ca. 0.03 p. m. lower 

 than the average salinity of the bottom-water of the Norwegian Sea 

 found by Amundsen and other observers (34.90), but the difference 

 is not so great but that it may arise from the use of different methods 

 of titration. 



From — 100 m. the water is mixed with Polar Current water; 

 the true surface-layer of Polar Current water with the salinity below 

 33 p. m. has only a thickness of ca. 10 m. 



It was certainly curious, that the water at this station, which 

 lay among the ice-fields of the drift-ice, had positive temperatures 

 from the surface down to a depth of 160 m. This was due to the fact, 

 that the earlier mentioned, intermediate layer of warm water of At- 

 lantic origin, which pushes in above the cold Norwegian Sea bottom- 

 water along the edge of the Continental Shelf, here approached the 

 surface, at the same time that the cold surface layer of Polar origin 

 was much heated from the atmosphere. 



Stations IV, 1/viii 1906 and V, 3/viii 1906. 

 Position: 75°27' N. 75°43' N. 



10°00' W. 10°15' W. 



The diagram shows quite similar hydrographical conditions to 

 those described for St. LXXIX. 



The nearer the stations are situated in towards the edge of the 

 Continental Shelf, the smaller becomes the heat-wave of the atmo- 

 sphere and the more the cold surface-layer of Polar water origin in- 

 creases in extent. 



