Hydrographical Observations from the Danmark Expedition. 405 



washed up over it. The opening in the sea-ice extended almost par- 

 allel to the land, but with an inclination in to the land (direction 

 almost N. — S.). All the openings were covered with thin ice. The 

 sea-ice was screwed towards land, but hardly so much screwed as 

 at 80°09'. About 14 km. from land a number of large hummocks 

 (probably the remains of earlier pack-ice screwed up by the tides) 

 stood on the ground and formed a kind of sheltering belt towards 

 the land, a belt in which the ice was but little screwed and could thus 

 be traversed with the sledge. 



Ingolfs Fjord (80°25' N. L.— 80°43'). The screwed sea-ice lay 

 almost up to the mouth of the fjord on its east side. In the northern 

 part of the mouth of the fjord the screw-ice retreated further to the 

 east, east of some skerries off the coast, so that there was a belt of 

 quite even ice along the coast on the north of the fjord. 



80°43' to 80°58' N. L. North of the skerries (off Amdrups Land) 

 the screw-ice lay close to the land; it seemed greatly pulverized and 

 was broken by many openings parallel to the land. Open water was 

 observed ca. 7 km. out to sea (26. — 27. April 1907). 



80°58' N. L. to 81°30' N. L. The margin of the screw-ice lay 

 parallel with the margin of the inland ice at a distance of ca. 2 km. 

 from the latter. No open water could be seen. 



The screw-ice now steaduy followed the margin of the land-ice 

 until the coast turned due west (at Nakkehoved). The screw-ice 

 then retreated further out and the margin lay in a curve a little to 

 the west of the line Greenland N. E. Runding — Cape Henry Parish. 

 Thereafter it ran parallel with the east coast of Peary Land at a dis- 

 tance, which varied between ca. 15 km. in the southern part, where 

 the coast ran out very flat, to ca. 3 km. in the northern part, where 

 the coast had a steeper slope. 



At a few places there was smooth ice along the coast, which 

 pointed to open water here in the summer, but no openings were ob- 

 served in the screw-ice. 



On June 3rd 1907 it was observed at N. E. Runding, that an 

 opening was forming immediately to the south of the easternmost 

 point of Gerenland; it continued due south as far as the eye could 

 see, to judge from the water-sky for many miles. In the northern- 

 most part the opening was quite narrow, but it rapidly -widened 

 southward to 10 to 20 km. This opening was observed continuously 

 in the following days — it went close in to land and was still so broad, 

 that one could not see the 8сгелу-1се on its easternmost side. It pen- 

 etrated some distance into the fjord north of Mallemukfjæld (In- 

 golf Fjord) and close in to the latter. The Mallemukfjæld was passed 

 on June 9th 1907 on a snow-slope and from a height >>[ 70 m. no outer 

 boundary could be seen for the open water. 



In the fjords south of Mallemukfjæld, on the other hand, there 



