rrLIGl'LA ^[AEILA. 235 



Hume's young male had the wing ouly 7*9 inches ; bill straight from base to 

 tip 1-7, and at its greatest width -87. 



" The very young female is equally like the young JShjroca, but it has the 

 chin, throat, a portion of the lores white, only a little speckled with rufous- 

 brown (which white is not exhibited in any of my young White-eyes), besides 

 the characteristic bill so much broader than those of young Nyroca of the same 

 age and sex." {Hume.) 



The measurements of a young female were : wing 7"1 inches ; bill straight 

 from base to tip 1-6, and at its widest part '78. 



Young in down. — " Crown, nape, and upper parts uniform dark olive-brown ; 

 throat, sides of the head, and fore part of the neck yellowish-white ; a dull greyish 

 band crosses the lower neck, rest of the underparts dull yellowish, the flanks 

 greyish-yellow; upper mandible blackish, tooth of the beak yellowish; under 

 mandible yellow." {Dresser.) 



The Scaup is a duck o£ very northern latitudes, breeding in the 

 Pala?arctic and Kearctic Regions in the extreme north o£ Europe, Asia, 

 and America up to, if not beyond, N.E. in Asia, latitude 70 degrees. In 

 the winter it extends south to the basin o£ the Mediterranean, Southern 

 Russia and Asia Minor, and Central and South-Central Asia, as far south 

 as Northern India, South China, and Japan and Formosa, whilst in 

 America it extends as far south {vide Salvadori) as Guatemala. In Africa 

 it does not extend south at all ; Von Heuglin and, after him, Seebohm 

 record it from Abyssinia ; but Salvadori says in the ' Catalogue,^ most em- 

 phatically, " not (to my knowledge) reaching Abyssinia." Even here the 

 southern limits given are rarely attained, large numbers of birds remaining 

 all the winter north of latitude 40 degrees. The Scaup is only a very rare 

 winter visitor to Northern India, and up to the date of the publication of the 

 fourth volume of the ' Fauna of British India ' I can find no other record 

 of its occurrence outside those noted by Blanford, — viz., " Isolated occur- 

 rences have been recorded from Kashmir, Kulu and Nepnl in the 

 Himalayas, and the neighbourhood of Attock, Gurgaon near Delhi, 

 and Karachi in the plains of India, and even Bombay.^' The last was 

 recorded in the ' Bombay Natural History Journal ' by Mr. J. D. In- 

 verarity, who shot a female on a small tank near Panwell on January 13th, 

 1884. "Col. McMaster is of the opinion that one year, in January, he saw 

 several birds of this species, on marshes and salt lakes, between Chicacole 

 and Berhampur, in the Northern Circars (say 190° N. lat.), and the male 

 is a bird tliat so experienced a sportsman could hardly mistake for any 

 otlier species that occur there." I do not know if Col, McMaster said that 

 they were adult birds that he saw, if so, perhaps — probably in fact — ho 



