CLANG ULA GLAUCION. 247 



" The irides are bright yellow iu the females and young males, reddish or 

 orange-yellow- in old males, white or very pale yellow iu the quite young birds. 

 The naked edges of the eyelids reddish dusky ; the legs and feet vary from pale 

 yellow in the young to intense orange in the old ; the colour is always bright 

 and pure ; the webs (including that of hind toe), nails, and a spot on each of 

 the toe-joints black or dusky. The bill of the old male is bluish or greenish 

 black, rather duskier and duller coloured in the old females and young, and 

 occasionally in these latter, often iu the former, and very rarely in the old males, 

 with a larger or smaller yellowish-red or orange spot or bar near the tip of the 

 upper mandible, which in some forms the terminal band at the tips of both 

 mandibles, never, however, including the nail, which always remains black or 

 dusky." {Hume.) 



Female. — " Head and upper neck hair-brown ; a dull white collar round the 

 lowei" neck ; upper parts blackish ; mantle, scapulars, and upper wing-coverts 

 with j)ale greyish edges ; breast greyish, with the edges of the feathers whitish; 

 lower parts white ; sides and flanks dull grey, the feathers edged with white ; 

 median vving-coverts brown tipped with whitish, the greater ones white tipped 

 with brown ; outer secondaries white ; the white on the wing is defined by the 

 brown band at the tip of the greater coverts; quills dusky brown; tail dull 

 greyish : bill brownish-black, in some specimens the tip, except the nail, is 

 yellow ; irides and legs and toes as in the male. Total length 17 inches, wing 

 7"7. CLilmen 1"35." {Salvadori.) 



" The bill is blackish in the female and young, sometimes with a yellow 

 patch at the tip." {F. Finn.) 



" Females. — Length 15-7 to IQ-^ inches, expanse 26-3 to 28, wing 7-o to 

 8-25, tail from vent 3-0 to 3-4, tarsus 1-22 to 1-35, bill from gape 1-12 to 1-19. 

 AVeight 1 lb. 7 ozs. to 1 lb. 14 ozs." (Hume.) 



"Young in first plumage resemble adult females, but are duller in colour; 

 the pale collar round the neck is much more obscure, the grey feathers on the 

 breast have white margins. 



" Males in first nuptial dress have less white on the scapulars, the w-hite on 

 the hind lower neck is mottled with brown, as is also the white spot at the base 

 of the bill. 



" Males in moulting plumage resemble adult females, except that they 

 retain the white w-ing of the adult male. 



" Young in down are dark brown on the upper parts, and paler brown on 

 the breast and flanks, shading into white on the throat and into pale grey on 

 the belly." (Salvadori.) 



This is a northern form of duck, breeding in Northern Europe and 

 Asia, and in America from Maine and Canada nortliwards. Tn winter 

 it migrates to Southern Europe, and rarely only into extreme North 

 Africa. In Asia it occurs as far south as Persia, China, and Japan, and 

 as a straggler enters Northern India and Southern China. In America it 

 wanders as far south as Mexico and Cuba. 



The occurrence of the Golden-eye iu India is only, as I have already 



