FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST. 105 
fishery of that region. The herring (Clupea mirabilis) is “invaluable 
as bait.” * 
The Okhotsk Sea fishermen take salmon for bait when they first 
appear by trolling. But when the fish enter the rivers the vessels must 
from time to time go inshore and anchor near the mouths of the streams 
so that their crews can enter to obtain a supply of salmon for bait.t 
Often, however, when the vessels lay within a reasonable distance of the 
land (6 to 10 miles off) they do not get under way, but send a dory, with 
a party of 4 or 5 men, to the land to seek the bait. One or more large 
dories are generally carried for this purpose, and a small seine (20 to 30 
fathoms in length) is a necessary adjunct of a cod fishing vessel in these 
waters. Sometimes, but more rarely, salmon maybe caught for bait in 
a gill net set from the vessel’s stern on the fishing ground. 
Captain Slocum tells me that salmon usually appear in the rivers 
entering the Okhotsk about the first of July. There are three runs of 
fish. The humpback salmon enter the rivers first; they are followed 
some time later by the red salmon, and the silver salmon come last. 
This refers only to the rivers where salmon are taken by the cod fisher- 
men. 
Curing stations and preparation of products . — The two curing stations 
on San Francisco Bay deserve mention. Pescada Landing is situated 
along the water, at the foot of a steep hill, on the east side of Richard- 
son’s Bay. The plant includes wharves, fish houses, flake yards, quar- 
ters for the employes, etc. The main building is two stories, 100 by 
220 feet ground plan; the cook house (which iucludes mess room), 18 
by 32 feet; lodging house or dormitory for employes, 10 by 30 feet. 
Besides these there are several other storehouses, sheds, etc., that 
afford additional accommodation. There are two flake yards ; one is 
50 by 150 feet, and the other is 45 by 140 feet. The flakes are like those 
used in New England. The buildings and flakes are all located over 
the water and built on piling. 
A tank with a capacity of 5*000 gallons is filled with water by a 
windmill, and the water is carried through pipes by gravitation to all 
parts of the buildings, thus saving much labor in washing fish, etc. 
The ground floor of the main building is occupied by large, square, 
wooden tanks, in which the cod are resalted and are kept in pickle 
until taken out to be dried. Most of the tanks are each 14 feet long, 
7 feet wide, and 6 feet deep. Each holds about 12 tons of fish, but 
there are also smaller tanks, suited to the place they occupy. The 
tanks are built of 3-inch plank, and the seams are tightly calked to 
prevent leaking. 
* The Fishery Resources and Fishing Grounds of Alaska, by Tarleton H. Beau, Sec- 
tion III, Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, pages 81, 82, and 85. 
tThe rivers in which salmoii are taken for bait are known to the fishermen as 
Little River, Galigan River, and Great River. Cod fishermen seldom go north of the 
last-named river ; they most commonly fish off Little River. 
