120 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
The rock-cod or rockfish, of which there are many kinds, occur 
throughout the year, and sell at from 4 to 10 cents per pound. The fol- 
lowing species are commonly called rock-cod : The “scorpene” ( Scor - 
pcena guttata ), black- banded rockfish ( Sebastichthys nigrocinctus ), gar- 
rupa ( 8 . nebulosus ), flesh-colored garrupa ($. carnatus ), red garrupa ( S . 
caurinus and subsp. vexillaris ), grass rockfish (8. rastrelliger), “vermil- 
ion fish” ( 8 . clilorostictus), corsair (8. rosaceus)*, spotted corsair (8. con - 
stellatus ), called also pink-spotted rock-cod. The red rockfish or rough 
red rock-cod (8. ruber) “is usually the ‘red rockfish 7 par excellence,” ac- 
cording to Professor Jordan. The rasher ( 8 . miniatus) and the orange 
rockfish ( 8 . pinniger) of Jordan are now commonly called “smooth 
red rock-cod” in San Francisco. The black rockfish (8. mystinus) is the 
most abundant species of this genus in the city markets, taking the year 
through, but owing to a prejudice against its color it does not sell at so 
high a price as the others. 8. melanops is usually confounded with 8. 
mystinus ; it is far less common at San Francisco. The yellow-tail rock- 
fish (8. flavidus) is another very abundant species and completes the 
list of those specially important. 
The sea trout, or rock trout ( Hexagrammus decagrammus ), is abundant 
all the year, and sells at 6 to 10 cents per pound. The eultus-cod 
( Ophiodon elongatus ), often called “codfish ” here, is taken at all seasons ; 
it sells for from 5 to 10 cents per pound. The ordinary weight ranges 
from 10 to 15 pounds, but individuals of 40 pounds are sometimes 
caught. Many small fish of thi^ species are taken in nets in the bay, 
but the bulk of the catch is obtained on trawls set outside of the Golden 
Gate, along the coast and off* the Farralones. The black “ candlefish” 
or “ black-cod ” (Anoplopoma fimbria) is commonly known as the candle- 
fish at San Francisco, where it is sometimes sold as Spanish mackerel. 
It is not so large nor so plentiful as farther north, particularly in the 
Strait of Fuca, and is little esteemed generally. 
The term “perch” is applied to many species of the surf-fish family 
(Embiotocidce) found at San Francisco, but Professor Jordan thinks this 
an unfortunate misnomer. Among these Wilcox mentions only the black 
surf-fish of Jordan (Ditrema jacksoni), which he designates as salt-water 
perch or “porgee.” This is the most abundant species and the most 
common of the “perches” in the markets. It is taken all the year and 
sells at from 3 to 8 cents per pound. Jordan mentions fourteen other 
species belonging to this family of surf-fishes that occur at San Fran- 
cisco, but some of them are of little commercial value and in some 
instances are used only for bait. The river perch (Hysterocarpus trasM 
Gibbons) is taken in fresh water, chiefly in the Sacramento and San 
Joaquin Rivers. Considerable quantities are sold in San Francisco, 
which are mostly consumed by the Chinese. 
* An excellent food-fish and very abundant on outside grounds resorted to by 
trawlers. 
