186 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
called sloughs, or small creeks, which empty into the bay from both 
sides. Taking the left side of the bay at the point where it is joined by 
the river, and passing around its shore, there are Kitchen Slough, Isth- 
mus Slough, and Coalbank Slough, all of which are directly west of the 
mouth of Koos River. Leaving the last-named slough, the shore lino 
trends to the north until North Point is reached, a sort of peninsula 
jutting out into the bay. Here Poney Slough enters the bay and the 
shore line takes a decided bend to the southwest; near the point where 
the bay enters the ocean it is joined by South Slough. On the right 
bank Jordan’s Slough, Haynes’s Slough, and North Slough enter the 
bay, the latter being its northernmost arm. 
Importance of the fisheries . — The fisheries here are of minor impor- 
tance, employing 90 fishermen, 46 persons in canneries, $61,410 capital, 
and producing 1,041,000 pounds of fresh salmon in 1887 and 745,000 
pounds in 1888, worth (at the prices paid the fishermen), respectively, 
$16,865 and $12,975. 
Species , seasons , etc.— Quinnat, silver, and steelhead salmon, salmon 
trout, herring, smelt, sardines, rockfish, perch, sturgeon, tomcod, sole, 
and flounders are found in the bay, but only the salmon are sought for 
capture. Salmon are most abundant from the middle of August until 
November. The quinnat is the first to appear, and is quite numerous 
until about the middle of September. The season for the silver salmon 
is between September 15 and October 15. 
Fishing grounds.— Drift nets are set in the bay from its mouth to 
Koos River, a distance of about 15 miles ; set nets are exclusively used 
in the river above the point where it joins the bay, the fishing grounds 
extending nearly 12 miles up the stream. 
Fishermen , lay , etc. — In 1888 there were 90 men engaged in fishing on 
the bay and river ; 28 of them were native-born Americans, 20 Russians, 
16 Swedes, 12 English, 10 Norwegians, and 4 Frenchmen ; 28 of them 
came from the Columbia River after the close of the season on that 
stream. The price paid the fishermen was 50 cents each for quinnat 
salmon and 30 cents for silver salmon. 
Apparatus , boats , etc.— -The drift nets are from 150 to 250 fathoms, 
averaging 175 fathoms in length, and about 30 meshes, or 3 fathoms, 
deep ; several sizes of mesh are used, being 7J, 8.J, and 9 inches (stretch 
measure), respectively. Set nets average 50 fathoms in length and 
from 3 to 4J fathoms deep ; the mesh varies from 7J to 9 inches. Two 
kinds of boats are in use on the bay and river, one type being the Co- 
lumbia River salmon boat and the other a sharp-bow and square-stern, 
flat-bottomed craft, much like a bateau or sharpy. The two types are 
about evenly distributed among the fishermen. 
Salmon canning.— There are two salmon-canning establishments on 
the bay ; one is situated at Empire City, near the mouth of the bay ; the 
second is near the mouth of the river. Both began operations in 1887, 
the output of products for that year being 11,300 cases of canned salmon. 
