210 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
The seines are all of the type ordinarily called haul seines or drag 
seines, and have certain peculiarities made necessary by the fishery in 
which they are used. These seines are factory- made and cost from $500 
to $600 each. The length of the seines varies from 200 to 300 fathoms; 
the shallowest end is from 35 to 40 meshes deep, but it gradually in- 
creases in width and is from 120 to 140 meshes deep at the other wing. 
The “bunt” or central part of the net is about 50 fathoms long, and 
this section has a mesh of 4£ to 5 inches ; the size of the mesh in the 
wings is 6 inches. The outfit of a seining gang includes, in addition to 
the seine itself, boats, warps, horses, scows for the men and horses to 
live upon, etc., the whole reaching an aggregate of $1,500 to $1,800. 
The large dip nets used for catching salmon at The Dalles and Cas- 
cades are similar to the nets employed for dipping mackerel, herring, 
and menhaden from seines, weirs, aud pounds on the Atlantic coast. 
An iron hoop, about 2J feet in diameter, is secured to the end of a stout 
pole some 18 to 20 feet long, and to the hoop is fastened a bag-shaped 
net 3 feet deep, with a 3-inch mesh. A net of this kind, with acces- 
sories, such as platforms, etc., costs about $20.* Rude wooden plat- 
forms are built out from the shore over the rapids, and on these are 
boxes to receive the fish. The fishermen stand upon these to operate 
the dip nets, and therefore the platforms may appropriately be consid- 
ered a part of the apparatus. 
The “squaw net” is used by a few of the dip-net fishermen. It derives 
its name from the fact that it is the same net commonly used by Indian 
squaws for taking salmon. It consists of an oblong sheet of gill net 
about 12 feet long and 8 feet deep' its lower edge weighted to keep it 
down, audits upper edge attached to a pole that floats at the surface, 
and which is held by a line or lines to another projecting pole that is 
securely fastened to the shore so that it will not swing around with the 
strain of the swift current upon the net. The mesh is the same as that 
of the set nets. A single block is attached to the pole, aud through 
this passes a rope, thus making a tackle for the more convenient manip- 
ulation of the net. 
Pound nets were introduced on the Columbia River in 1879. In May 
of that year Mr. O. P. Graham, formerly of Green Bay, Wisconsin, built a 
pound net on the river similar to those used on the Great Lakes. The 
success of this venture led to the employment of more apparatus of 
this kind, and many lake fishermen went West to participate in the 
fishery. In 1888 105 pound nets were operated, and this number was 
increased to 154 the next season. 
The pound net of the Columbia River is the same as that used on the 
Great Lakes. It consists of a leader of varying length, but usually 
from 400 to 600 feet long, and a*harpoon-shaped heart terminating in a 
* The valuation is intended to be an average which will 
are used by the dip-net fishermen, aud for this reason no ' ■ are given 
for squaw nets in the statistical tables. 
