fisheries of the pacific coast. 245 
Oscar and Battle , of Swainpscott, Massachusetts), which engaged in the 
sale and fresh halibut fishery, made its headquarters there in 1889. 
Tacoma is an important railroad terminus, of 25, 000 inhabitants, situ- 
ated about 20 miles south of Seattle, near the head of Puget Sound. It 
is largely interested in general commercial pursuits, among which lum- 
ber and shipping take precedence. The' fishing interests are of con- 
siderable importance, and a large variety of fish is shipped from here 
to supply towns in the interior. 
Neali Bay is located near Cape Flattery. Here there is an Indian 
reservation for the Makah tribe, which had a population of 484 in 1889. 
The Indians depend almost entirely upon the fisheries for a livelihood. 
Three small vessels, aggregating 80.57 tons, fished from Neali Bay in 
1888, and there was another which was idle during that season, but 
employed the following year. All these were engaged in pelagic fur- 
sealing. The place is noted for the large number of dugout canoes em- 
ployed in the fisheries, over 200 being owned there at the time Wilcox 
visited the bay. There are also curing houses, which will be referred 
to elsewhere. 
Dungenessis located 17 miles west of Port Townsend ; the harbor is 
poor and the place is of no great importance. A few Indians live in 
the vicinity and catch salmon chiefly for their own use. One small 
schooner of 49.62 tons made the place its headquarters while engaged 
in the fur-seal fishery in 1888. 
Olympia, the capital of Washington, is at the head of steam naviga- 
tion at the southern extremity of Puget Sound. It is chiefly engaged 
in manufacturing enterprises ; its fishing interests are inconsiderable, 
consisting of clams dug for local use and a small oyster fishery. 
Fishermen, factory hands , lay , etc. — A large majority of the fishermen 
are engaged in the coast or shore fishery. They are very cosmopolitan, 
representing eleven countries in addition to Indians, fn 1888 there 
were 917 fishermen, of which 287 owed allegiance to the United States, 
in addition to 434 Indians of the Makah tribe. Among the white fisher- 
men classed as citizens of the United States are those fishing from 
Puget Souud on vessels owned in New England, but which for th6 time 
being were a part of the fleets sailing from Seattle and Port Townsend. 
The personnel of the canning factories of Puget Sound is essentially 
the same as that on the Columbia River ; a few white men are employed 
for superintendents, but the majority of the operatives are Chinese. 
Reference is made to the lay, wages, etc., under the heads of the dif- 
ferent fisheries. 
^ Species , abundance, seasons, etc. — Whales, chiefly the small sharp-head 
tinner (Balcenoptera davidsoni Scammon) are found off Cape Flattery 
and at the entrance of the Strait of Juan de Fuea, where the Indians 
improve every opportunity to capture them. ^ 
The fur seal ( Callorhinus ursinus Linn.) is one of the most important 
objects of the fisheries of Puget Sound. It arrives off’ Cape Flattery in 
