10 
ANAS BOSCHAS 
southwestern part (Dresser, 1876). It nests also in the whole Kirgis region (Suschkin, 1900, 1914; 
Central Nazarow, 1887) and very likely in Orenburg. It is at present impossible to fix accu- 
Asia 
Western 
Siberia 
rately the northern limit of the breeding range in western Siberia. Finsch (1879) says 
he did not see the Mallard on the Obi below its junction with the Irtysh, and he 
states that at Narimskaia it was looked upon as a curiosity. Yet a recent writer 
(Ushakov, 1913) says it breeds commonly in the Tobolsk Government. It seems that 61° or 
Central 62° north latitude would fix fairly accurately the northern limit in this region. In 
Asia central Asia, however, it was found common on the steppes about Semipalatinsk, on 
the Marka-kul and on the Irtysh below Buchtarminsk (Finsch, 1879), as well as in Akmolinsk 
(Bianchi, 1902), Minussinsk, the Sajan Mountains, Russian Altai and on the Saissan-nor (Suschkin, 
1913). It is said to be common at Tomsk (P. and J. Zalesski, 1915) and to extend on the Jenesei 
north to 60° north latitude (Popham, 1898; Seebohm, 1880). Southward the range includes un- 
Eastern doubtedly the Tian-shan, whence the species has been recorded for Baimgol (Ldnnberg, 
Turkestan 1905), the Naryn Valley (Laubmann, 1913) and Baltistan (Richmond, 1896). Still 
farther south this duck nests in Yarkand and Kashgaria (Scully, 18761 R. B. Sharpe, 1891; Koslov, 
1899) and Kashmir (Brooks, Dresser, 1871-81; Jcrdon, 1864; Baker, 1908; Hume and Marshall, 
1879). Very probably some breed in select localities throughout the Himalayas and 
on the lakes of southern Tibet (Walton, 1906). It is not likely that it nests in the 
deserts of central Tibet, but it does breed in northern Tibet and on the Lob-nor (Koslov, 1899). 
In Mongolia the species evidently breeds in all suitable localities, especially in the valley of the 
Hoang-ho (Prjevalski, 1878) and in Shen-si (Sowerby, 1912). I am unable to give a 
definite limit for the southern extent of breeding in western China, but see no reason 
why the species should not nest in the mountainous regions south to 25° north latitude. 
At any rate it breeds in Manchuria (Ingram, 1909; Kuroda, 1918), and in Korea 
(Taezanowski, 1887, 1888). Apparently it is only a very rare breeder in Japan proper 
(Hondo), so Mr. Kuroda WTites. 
The Mallard breeds in eastern Siberia, but only in the southern parts, perhaps never going 
Eastern farther north than 65° north latitude. Bunge (1883) has recorded it from Irkutsk and 
Siberia the upper Lena and Taezanowski (1874) says it is common in Transbaikalia. Hall 
saw it one hundred miles above Yakutsk in June (Hartert, 1904). Buturlin (1908) considers the 
Verchojansk Mountains as the northern limit on the Lena, basing this perhaps on the fact that 
Maak (1859) met with the species on the Wiljui. A. von Middendorff (1853) found it breeding 
throughout the Stanowoi Mountains and on the south coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, while Radde 
(1863) met with it everywhere on the upper and middle Amur, and von Schrenck (1859) found it 
particularly common at the mouth of that river. In the Ussuri country it is equally common (Dor- 
ries, 1888) and has been described as the most abundant breeding duck in that region (Prjevalski, 
Tibet 
Mongolia 
China 
Manchuria 
Korea 
1878). On Sakhalin also the Mallard has been found breeding (Ldnnberg, 1908; Hesse, 
1915; Thayer and Bangs, 1916). It nests on the Kuriles and sparingly on Yezo 
(Blakiston and Pryer, 1882; Kuroda, in lilt.), and Mr. Kuroda -wTites me that downy 
young were obtained in Kamchatka in June and July, 1918. Since it winters there 
quite commonly, it may be a common nester, especially since it breeds not infre- 
quently on Bering Island (Stejneger, 1885; Bianchi, 1909; Clark, 1910). I am unable to fix the north- 
ern limit of the breeding area in extreme eastern Siberia, but it is not found on the .Arctic coast in 
that region (Nelson, 1883), and very likely not north of 61° or 62° north latitude. 
Sakhalin 
Kuriles 
Yezo 
Kamchatka 
Winter Range 
The breeding and wintering areas of the Mallard coincide to a remarkably great extent. In the New 
Aleutian World the species winters commonly on the Aleutians, at least on Attu (L. M. Turner, 
Islands 1886) and on Unalaska (Nelson, 1887; L. M. Turner, 1886; Dali, 1873, 1874). It 
