12 
ANAS BOSCHAS 
Greenland 
record for Colon. Jewel (1913) says the only record for Panama is one for Miraflores. W. Stone 
(1918) includes the species in his list of the birds of the Canal Zone. In the Pacifie the species 
Hawaiian occurred as a straggler in the Hawaiian group on Oahu and Molokai, and once 
Islands also on Laysan Island (Schauinsland, 1899). The status of the species in the West 
West Indies is not yet clear. In the Bahamas, where it has been found on New Provi- 
Indies dence, it appears to be regular in its occurrence (Cory, 1890; Riley, 1905) and even 
common (H. Bryant, 1859). There is one record of the occurrence of a flock in Cuba, on Lake 
Cardenas (Gundlach, 1875), while in Jamaica it appears to be accidental in winter (March, 1864; 
Bangs and Kennard, 1920). In the Lesser Antilles it occurs on Guadeloupe, according to an old 
record of I’Herminier’s (Lawrence, 1879), as well as on the Grenadines, — St. Vincent, Mustique^ 
Carriacou and Grenada (Wells, 1902; Clark, 1905). It is also known as a straggler in Bermuda 
(J. M. Jones, 1859; von Martens, 1859; Reid, 1884). 
In southern Greenland, where the species is resident, it winters very commonly at Ivigtut (HagT 
erup, 1891) and on the west coast probably north to Godthaab (Winge, 1899) while 
on the east coast Helms’s (1910) dates would seem to indicate that it winters north to 
Angmagsalik. 
In Iceland practically all of the breeding birds winter, that is, the species is really resident there 
Iceland (Hantzsch, 1905). The species is resident also on the Faroes (Miiller, 1869) and 
Faroes winters commonly on the Shetlands (Saxby, 1874; Evans and Buckley, 1899), and 
Shetlands the Orkneys (Buckley and Harvie-BrovTi, 1891). Throughout the British Isles 
it is abundant in the cold season, being if anything, commoner than in summer (Dres- 
ser, 1871-81; Seebohm, 1885; Ussher and Warren, 1900; Witherby et al., 1919-22; 
etc.). On the Continent it winters in Norway south of Trondhjem Fjord (Collett, 1871; 
Schaanning, 1913), and in Sweden is very common in the cold season on the coasts of 
the middle and southern parts (Wallengren, 1854; Nilsson, 1858). It is presumably 
common in winter in Denmark (Helms, 1905) as it is in Holland (Schlegel, 1859) and 
in Belgium (Dubois, 1912; Raspail, 1913). Dresser (1871-81) speaks of it as common 
in winter in France, but it is probably found chiefly in the coastal regions, about Tours 
(Martin, 1887), in Anjou (Rogeron, 1903), at Perpignan (Backhouse, 1887) and par- 
ticularly in Provence (I’Hermitte, 1916; Griscom, 1921). The Pyrenean Peninsula 
seems to be one of the great wintering resorts of the species. According to A. C. Smith 
(1868), Tait (1887) and de Seabra (1910) it is common in Portugal. H. Saunders (1884) 
foimd it on the Lac de Lourdes, in the Pyrenees; and throughout Spain it is abundant in the cold 
season (Reyes y Prosper, 1886; Arevalo y Baca, 1887; Vayreda y Vila, 1883; Seone, fide Reyes y 
Prosper, 1886; H. Saunders, 1871; A. Chapman, 1888; Aldaz y Amazabel, 1918; et al.). Godman 
Azores (1866) states that it winters throughout the Azores. According to Barcelo it winters 
on the Balearics, as it does also in Corsica (Jourdain, 1911; J. Whitehead, 1885) 
and in Sardinia (Salvadori, 1865; Brooke, 1873; Giglioli, 1889-91). It is very common 
in Sicily (Malherbe, 1843; Giglioli, 1889-91), and in Malta it is not particularly rare 
(C. A. Wright, 1864; Despott, 1917). Giglioli’s (1889-91) investigations in Italy show that the 
species winters throughout the Peninsula, from Calabria in the south, northward to Piedmont. It 
Switzerland suitable localities throughout Switzerland (Fatio, 1904), and in western 
districts of the former German Empire, specifically in Lorraine (d’Hamonville, 1895), 
the Rhine Palatinate (W. and T. Heussler, 1896), the Rhine Provinces (Le Roi, 1906- 
07), in Brimswick (R. Blasius, 1896), southern Saxony (Heyder, 1913) and Mecklenburg (WUstnei, 
Luxem- 1902). La Fontaine (1865-72) states that it is resident in Luxembourg. In the 
bourg former Austro-Hungarian Empire, it winters in Bohemia (Fritsch, 1872) and in the 
Austria- Tyrol (Althammer, 1857), but particularly commonly in Dalmatia (Kolombatovic, 
Hungary 1903; Kollibay, 1904). A few winter in Hungary also (Hung. Ornith. Club). Through- 
Orkneys 
British 
Isles 
Norway 
Sweden 
Denmark 
Holland 
Belgium 
France 
Spain 
Portugal 
Italy 
Sardinia 
Germany 
