8 
ANAS BOSCHAS 
Far Western 
Greenland 
Iceland 
Faroes 
Shetlands 
British 
Isles 
In Arizona the Mallard breeds (Cooke, 1906), presumably in the Mogollon Mountains (Swarth, 
1914) and in the southwest parts, where it was seen near Yuma in May (J.Grinnell, 1914). In Nevada 
a few may breed as they have been seen there in May and June (W. P. Taylor, 1912). 
In Utah the species nests abundantly about Great Salt Lake (Wetmore, 1921), while 
in Idaho it is also known to breed (Rust, 1915). According to W. L. Dawson and Bowles (1909) it 
is a common resident in Washington, a statement which applies also to Oregon (Pope, 1895-96). 
Grinnell, Bryant and Storer (1918) state that it nests throughout California. Even in Lower Cal- 
ifornia nests have been found in the San Rafael Valley and at San Pedro Martir (Brewster, 1902). 
The Mallard is a resident bird in Greenland, breeding on the west coast from Julianehaab north 
to Godthaab and rarely north to Upernavik (Winge, 1899). On the east coast it has 
been found nesting as far north as Angmagsalik (Helms, 1910). 
In Iceland the species is a common breeding bird, generally distributed throughout the country 
(Slater, 1901; Hantzsch, 1905). It breeds also on the Faroes (Muller, 1869) and on 
the Shetlands (Saxby, 1874; Evans and Buckley, 1899). Throughout the British 
Isles it nests in suitable localities, being more common in Scotland than in England, 
and being the most abundant breeding duck in Ireland (G. R. Gray, 1871; Dresser, 
1871-81; Seebohm, 1885; Ussher and Warren, 1900; Millais, 1902; Witherby et al., 
1919-22). 
On the Continent the species breeds throughout Scandinavia, excepting the extreme northern 
Scandi- parts of Norway, where it does not go beyond Tromsd or Bosekop, 70° north latitude 
navian (Collett, 1873) though it breeds eastward to the Finnish border (Schaanning, 1913). 
Peninsula jjje species breeds from the extreme south northward to the frontier of Lap- 
Lapland land (Nilsson, 1858; Dresser, 1871-81), but apparently rarely north of 68° north 
latitude (Wallengren, 1854). In Lapland it is a common breeder in the southern parts (Dresser, 
1871-81). It has been found in the west not rarely at Enontekis (Suomalainen, 1912; Montell, 1917) 
and even north to Utsjoki, 69° 30' north latitude (Palmen, 1876), and eastward in Syd Varanger 
(Schaanning, 1907). Finnila (1913, 1914) met with the species, though rarely, in the Sodankyla 
region and in the Kuolajarvi district. Enwald {fide Pleske, 1886) has recorded it from the Tulona 
River, and Nikolski (ibid.) from the Murman coast, where, of course, the species is very rare. 
Southward it is said to be an abundant bird in Uleaborg (Dresser, 1871-81) and in 
central Finland (Suomalainen, 1908). Palmgren (1913) states that it is the commonest 
duck in the Helsingfors region. 
In Denmark the Mallard nests commonly (Kjarbolling, 1850), but in Holland and in Belgium 
Denmark comparatively few breed (Schlegel, 1859; Dubois, 1912). Nowhere in France is it a 
Nether- common breeding bird, but Ternier’s (1897-98) careful study of its distribution in 
that country shows that it nests in practically all departments, particularly in the 
France northwest, in the valleys of the Seine and the Loire. Even in Provence and Savoy it 
is known to nest (Clarke, 1895, 1898; I’Hermitte, 1916). 
In Spain the Mallard is generally distributed and nests throughout (Arevalo y Baca, 1887), 
though breeding much more commonly in the marismas of the lower Guadalquivir 
(H. Saunders, 1871; H. Noble, 1902) than in other localities. It appears to be the 
only member of the duck tribe that nests in Portugal, where its status is much the 
came as in Spain. Tait (1896) has recorded its nesting at Ovar, and Vieira {fide 
de Seabra, 1910) found nests at Maioroa. It is said to nest also on Flores, in the 
Azores (Godman, 1866). Furthermore it is a common breeder in Sardinia (Salvadori, 
1865; Brooke, 1873) and in Corsica (Wharton, 1876; J. Whitehead, 1885; Jourdain, 
1911). The species is said to be resident in Morocco (Favier, Irby, 1875) and is 
said to breed in Algeria (Loche, 1867; Menegaux, 1919). A few may nest also in 
Tunis (Whitaker, 1905). It certainly does so in Sicily (Malherbe, 1843) and in limited numbers 
Finland 
Iberian 
Peninsula 
Azores 
Sardinia 
Corsica 
Northwest 
Africa 
