98 
ANAS ZONORHYNCHA 
DISTRIBUTION 
Saghalin 
Japan 
The present species appears to be essentially non-migratory, although if data were to be had it 
might be shown that there are more or less, perhaps even considerable, seasonal movements in the 
Kuriles northern part of the range. The species is distinctly a Chino- Japanese one and is rarely 
found outside the dominions of these two countries. In the east this duck extends 
north as far as the Kuriles, though probably only to the southernmost islands of the group (Ogawa, 
1908; Stejneger, 1898) and on Yezo (Ogawa, 1908) where it is resident and common (Seebohm, 
1890). l\Tiitely (1867), however, found it a rare bird at Hakodadi. On the island of 
Saghalin, eggs were taken at the mouth of the Susuya River on May 17, 1906 (Lbnn- 
berg, 1908), but this is the only record of its occurrence even in the south of this island. In Japan 
proper the species is resident (Seebohm, 1890) and breeds on the inland lakes, as at 
Chiusenji Lake (Jouy, 1883). Kuroda (1918) has also recorded it breeding, and 
Blakiston and Fryer (1878) found it nesting abundantly in Tokio Bay. Ogawa (1908) has recorded 
it for Yokohama. Southward, these ducks have been met with on various islands of the Loo-choo 
group, namely on Tanegashima, Okinawashima and Ishigakishima (Ogawa, 1905) and they are 
Formosa known also from Formosa (R. Swinhoe, 1863; Uchida, 1912) where, however, they 
seem to occur only in winter (R. Swinhoe, 1863). The southernmost record is 
Philippines probably that of R. C. McGregor (1909) who met with no less than twelve birds on 
Calayan Island, northern Philippines, on December 7, 1903. This date and R. Swinhoe’s (1863) 
remark about Formosa, as well as notes about certain localities in southern China, lead me to suspect 
that the species is primarily, though not exclusively, a winter bird in southern China, south of perhaps 
30° north latitude. 
In eastern Asia the present species does not occur much north of the Amur. Von Homeyer (1870) 
has recorded a specimen from the middle Amur and Dybowski (Taczanowski, 1873) found it in 
Dauria on the Onon and Argun Rivers. Radde (1863) met with it in the same region at Udir. It no 
doubt breeds, for Dybowski (Taczanowski, 1873) found the birds in pairs in May and took young in 
down {fide Taczanowski, 1893). Farther south the species breeds in Manchuria 
(Kuroda, 1918) but it is rare about Lake Hanka (Prjevalski, 1878). Taczanowski 
(1893) has recorded its occurrence in Korea, and Kuroda (1918) states that it breeds in that peninsula. 
Farther west the Eastern Yellow-bill is quite common in southeastern Mongolia and breeds in the 
valley of the Hoang-ho (David and Oustalet, 1877; Prjevalski, 1878). On the coast it is everywhere 
China abundant; it is resident at Peking (David and Oustalet, 1877), at Wei-hai-wei (K. H. 
Jones, 1911), at Kiau-chau (Kleinschmidt, 1913) and throughout the valley of the 
lower Yangtse, from Kiu-kiang (La Touche, 1892; Seebohm, 1884) and even Hankow, to the sea 
(Styan, 1891; R. Swinhoe, 1866). According to La Touche (1892) it is resident even as far south as 
Foochow and Swatow, and R. Swinhoe (1870) has recorded it from Canton. Vaughan and Jones 
(1913) state that it is the commonest duck in winter in southeastern China, about Hong-kong, and 
that a few stay throughout the summer to breed. 
The western limits of this duck are still largely undefined. Since the erection of the subspecies 
Anas peecilorhyncha haringtoni (Oates) I think all the numerous records of Anas zonorhyncha occur- 
ring in Burmese countries must be referred to the subspecies that forms the link between the Indian 
and the Chinese forms. The two species, or intergrades between them, are probably found near to- 
gether in Yunnan and possibly in extreme eastern Assam, if the records for Dibrugarh really refer to 
Anas zonorhyncha. Farther north the Chinese species certainly goes west to 100° east longitude for 
Thayer and Bangs (1912) have recorded no less than eleven specimens taken in winter (December) 
in western Szechwan where W. R. Zappey found the species common. I think the bird doubtfully 
recorded as Anas pacilorhyncha by E. H. Wilson (1913) from Kiating (Szechwan) was probably also 
of this species. It is recorded as common in winter at Shasi, Hupeh (La Touche, 1922). Still farther 
Manchuria 
