WIDGEON 
175 
Philippines 
Formosa (Uchida, 1912; R. Swinhoe, 1863), and Hong-kong (Vaughan and Jones, 1913), and is 
common on the whole Quangtung coast (Kershaw, 1904), and at Swatow and Foochow (La Touche, 
1892). Styan (1891) states that it is very abundant on the lower Yangtse River from Hankow to the 
delta, and it is pretty common at Ningpo. From the interior it has been reported from Kiu-kiang 
(Seebohm, 1884) and from western Szechwan (Thayer and Bangs, 1912). On the Loo-choo Islands 
it was found on Tanegashima in November and December (Ogawa, 1905) while in southern Japan it 
is abundant, even north to Tokio (Blakiston and Fryer, 1882). The Italian e.xpedition even took a 
specimen at Yamada, on the northeast coast, in November (Giglioli and Salvadori, 1887), but it 
probably does not winter in the northernmost parts of Nippon. In the Philippine 
archipelago it has been met with in Calayan (R. C. McGregor, 1909), in Luzon (Worces- 
ter, fide R. C. McGregor, 1909), on Mindanao (Celestino, R. C. McGregor, 1909) and on Basilan 
(R. C. McGregor, 1909). There are two records of its occurrence in northwestern Borneo, namely 
at Bintulu (Everett, R. B. Sharpe, 1877) and on the Tampussuk plain where a small flock was 
seen (R. B. Sharpe, 1890). I And that the British Museum has a specimen taken in October on 
Chichishima, an island in the Bonin group, southeast of Japan, latitude circa 27° north, longitude 
142° east. A remarkable record is that given by Finsch (1880) concerning the capture of an exhausted 
specimen on Taluit Island in the Marshall group. But this record is not quite so striking after the 
report of the tremendous flights of American ducks over these islands (Reichenow, 1899a), and if the 
Widgeon should be found to do the same and it should turn out that the birds fly to the Aleutians, it 
may appear that the species breeds in the Aleutians after all, and that the migrants on the Com- 
mander Islands in spring are not from Japan and China, but from the South Sea Islands ! 
Passage Area 
The large area lying between the breeding and wintering ranges, as well as the southern and north- 
ern parts respectively of the breeding and wintering ranges are regions in which the species is known 
either wholly or primarily as a bird of passage. This area includes the Faroes, where the birds occur 
only on passage to and from Iceland and the British Isles. On the Continent it comprises southern 
Scandinavia (Wallengren, 1854) and Denmark (Kjarbolling, 1850), Holland, Belgium (Dubois, 
1912), France (Ternier and Masse, 1907; Paris, 1907), northern Spain, Sardinia (Giglioli, 1889-91) 
and all but the southernmost parts of Italy (Giglioli, 1886; Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1904), Switzerland 
(Fatio, 1904), Lorraine (d’Hamonville, 1895), Luxembourg (La Fontaine, 1865-72), Germany, 
specifically Schleswig-Holstein (Dahl, 1905), Oldenburg (von Negelein, 1853), the Rhine Palatinate 
(W. and T. Heussler, 1896), the Rhine Provinces (Le Roi, 1906-07), Brunswick (R. Blasius, 1896), 
Brandenburg (Schalow, 1915), Saxony (Helm, 1905) and eastern Prussia (Hartert, 1892), Poland 
(Taczanowski, 1888), Bohemia (Fritsch, 1872), Hungary (Madarasz, 1884), Transylvania (Danford 
and Harvie-Brown, 1875), Bulgaria (Reiser, 1894; Radakoff, 1879), the Dobrudja (Sintenis, 1877) 
and Rumania, as well as the greater part of Russia, specifically Cherson and the Crimea (Brauner, 
1894), Kief (Goebel, 1871) and Orel (Daniloff, 1864), Tula and Moscow (Menzbier, 1883), the 
Baltic Provinces (Loudon, 1909), Novgorod (Bianchi, 1910), Petrograd (Buchner, 1885; Bianchi, 
1907) and also extreme southern Finland (Palmen, 1876). Eastward it occurs chiefly on passage 
in Kazan (Russki, 1893) and in Astracan (Seebohm, 1883) while in Asia this passage area includes 
the Caucasus (Radde, 1884; Zarudny, 1911), in Persia the Chorassan, Parapamis, Kuhistan and 
Kirman regions (Zarudny, 1911), Transcaspia (Zarudny, 1889-90), all of Turkestan excepting the 
southwest (Severtzow, 1883), Ferghana (Stolzmann, 1897), Chamba and Kashmir (Scully, 1876; 
Biddulph, 1881), northern Tibet and Lob-nor (Koslow, 1899; Deditius, 1886), Kuku-nor (Deditius, 
1886), Transbaikal (Dybowski and Parrex, 1868), northern China (David and Oustalet, 1877; K. H. 
Jones, 1911), Korea (Kalinowski,^de Taczanowski, 1893), Lake Hanka (Prjevalski, 1878), Saghalin 
Island (Nikolski, Taczanowski, 1893), Yezo (Whitely, 1867; Blakiston and Pryer, 1882), the 
Kuriles (Stejneger, 1898), presumably Kamchatka (Bianchi, 1909) and the Commander Islands 
(Stejneger, 1885; Bianchi, 1909). 
