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ANAS PENELOPE 
lived in the Gardens for thirteen years and four months. But Meade-Waldo (Lon- 
don Field, May 25, 1897) has recorded specimens kept for eighteen, twenty-two and 
twenty-three years respectively, while Schmidt (1878) claims to have kept one for 
the incredibly long period of forty-one years, a record which is more than doubtful. 
Hybrids. Considering the enormous numbers of Widgeon that have passed 
through the hands of observant sportsmen and naturalists, the per cent of wild 
hybrids recorded is extremely small. Suchetet (1896) lists wild hybrids between this 
species and the Pintail, Common Teal, Mallard, Garganey and Gadwall. Van 
Kempen (1890) has described hybrids between the Widgeon and the Formosan Teal 
and between the Widgeon and the Black Scoter, both probably wild, though the 
history of the specimens is not known. Mr. N. Kuroda of Tokio writes me that he 
has taken no less than three wild crosses between this duck and the Falcated Teal 
{Ana^ falcata) in his decoy-pond at Haneda, Japan, between 1907 and 1922 (see 
Tori, vol. 3, 1923, for plate). 
In captivity the Widgeon has been crossed with the Carolina Duck, Red-crested 
Pochard and the Tufted Duck (Poll, 1911), and I saw a hybrid with the Falcated 
Teal in the Amsterdam Gardens. The American and the European Widgeons have 
been crossed on the estate of Earl Grey in Cumberland, and a mating between Anas 
penelope and Anas sibilatrix produced a hybrid which strikingly resembled the 
American Widgeon (Shaw-Bailey, 1918). 
