EUROPEAN TEAL 
217 
Radde, 1863) and on the lower Amur (von Schrenck, 1859). In eastern Asia the breeding range 
seems to run southward again so as to include the entire country between the Eastern 
Japanese Sea and the eastern boundary of the Mongolian Desert, formed by the Chin- Asia 
gani Mountains. Within this area it breeds sparingly at Lake Hanka (Prjevalski, 1878), abundantly 
in Manchuria (Baker, 1908), not in Korea, but south at least to Peking (Baker, 1908). Blackwelder 
(1907) says he has no doubt it nests in the Tsinling Mountains, south of the Ordos, and the fact that 
Prjevalski (1878) met with this Teal in late May in the Kuku-nor region (36° north latitude, 100° 
east longitude) would almost suggest that it breeds in the Nan-shan Mountains. I see no reason why 
this should not be the case, nor why the species might not breed even in northern Tibet, although 
Schalow (1908) is inclined to believe that this is not so. Its occurrence as a breeder in this region 
must still be regarded as hypothetical. In northern Siberia the species seems to reach an extreme 
limit, if we are to credit Palmen’s (1887) statement that its range extends to 73° 30' at the mouth of 
the Lena. Maak (1859) found it breeding at the junction of the Wiljui and Lena and on the Morkoka. 
Bunge (1883) met with it at Shigalowo at the mouth of the Lena, May 6. Palmen (1887) says it 
occurs on the Jana, but for some reason gives 68° as its limit in that district. Personally I believe it 
probably occurs everywhere even to the Arctic coast east of the Lena, but for lack of evidence I 
hesitate so to indicate it on the map. As in northern Europe, the species would be uncommon at best 
on the coast of the Arctic Sea. Thayer and Bangs (1914), however, state that it was found commonly 
at Nijni Kolymsk, at the mouth of the Kolyma, after June 5. Farther south it was found to be 
common as a breeder about Gichiga (J. A. Allen, 1905), at Amginsk and on the south shore of the 
Ochotsk Sea (A. von Middendorff, 1853); its breeding on Saghalin seems to me fairly 
well substantiated when we take into consideration the fact that Nikolski {fide Tac- 
zanowski, 1893) found it common there in August, while Lonnberg (1908) reports it as being met 
with in May and October, and Borissow (fide Hesse, 1915) thinks he found its eggs in May on the 
island. Baker (1908) speaks of a few breeding in northern Japan, but this can be taken 
to mean northern Yezo, and I am not certain that it breeds there. It does not nest 
on the Kuriles (Blakiston and Pryer, 1878) nor in Kamchatka (Taczanowski, 1893; Commander 
Bianchi, 1909; Stejneger, 1885). It breeds commonly on the Commander Islands, both Islands 
Bering and Miedin or Copper Isle (Stejneger, 1885; Clark, 1910a; Dybowski,^de Taczanowski, 
1893). In extreme northeastern Asia it has been recorded from the Anadyr, May 22 (Bianchi, 1908) 
and W. S. Brooks (1915) actually records a specimen taken at Indian Point, Chukoshkii Cape, on June 
6. But this becomes less remarkable when we consider that the species has been recorded from many 
of the islands in the Aleutian chain, which leads us to suppose that it imdoubtedly breeds as far east 
as the mainland of Alaska. For the Aleutians I find records of its occurrence on Attu, Kiska, Am- 
chitka, Atka, Unalaska and Semidi Isles (U.S. Biological Survey; Bent, 1912). It has also been re- 
corded from the Pribilof Islands, and may have bred there in 1914 (Hanna, 1920). Von Brandt 
(1891) quotes a record of its occurrence as far south as Sitka. According to Cooper (fide Grinnell, 
Bryant and Storer, 1918) it is found not rarely in California! Belding (quoted by California 
Grinnell) thinks it bred near Stockton, California. Both the statements seem to me 
very imlikely, and certainly require further proof. 
A remarkable breeding record is that recently published by Gadow and Gardiner (1903) according 
to whom it is resident and breeds (!) on several islands in the Maidive archipelago. Young birds 
were actually found there. The species is frequently met with in India even in summer, j^aldives 
but it has never been recorded from there as a breeder, while from the Maldives it had 
been unknown before the record above mentioned was published. There seems to be some reason 
to suppose the species may breed in the Nile Delta (Shelley, 1872), and Ogilvie-Grant (1902) 
records it from Fashoda in May! 
Saghalin 
Japan 
