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ANAS CAROLINENSIS 
these outnumbering any other species; and in the total number of ducks received 
by the Hunters’ Game Transfer Company in the years 1906 to 1911, Teal num- 
bered 33%. The small numbers of Cinnamon Teal included in these figures would 
not materially affect the results. There seems to be no doubt about a general de- 
crease of Teal in California, at least up to the years 1914-15 (Grinnell, Bryant and 
Storer, 1918). But reports from the whole western region indicate a satisfactory 
increase in this and other species, due to the protection afforded by the Federal Law 
of 1913. 
Teal probably never represented any large proportion of the ducks nesting in Michi- 
gan, Wisconsin, Minnesota or the Dakotas, for the great breeding area of the species 
lies between Lakes Manitoba and Athabasca. On the Bear River Marshes, Utah, 
although so far south, it was eighth in order of abundance among the breeding ducks, 
about fifty pairs nesting (Wetmore, 1921). Job (1902) found it a rare breeder in the 
great duck region of North Dakota, and Bent (1901-02) seems to have found no nest 
at all. In Minnesota it is still a not uncommon breeder, but may have nested in 
considerable numbers in years past (Roberts, 1919). According to the figures of the 
State Conservation Commission it ranged from the third to the twelfth commonest 
duck shot in the years 1919 and 1920 and represented from 2% to 12% of the total, 
showing that as a migrant its relative proportion in this region is far less than 
farther west. In the Athabasca region, which should be near the center of abundance, 
it was found only fifth in order among the ducks, the Lesser Scaup, Mallard, Golden- 
eye and Pintail exceeding it (Harper, MS.). 
Enemies. From the small number in the family parties as they appear in au- 
tumn, I suspect that mortality among young Green-wings may be greater than with 
Mallard, Black Duck and many diving ducks. Most dangerous of the mammals are 
coyotes, coons, weasels and domestic cats (H. C. Bryant, 1914; Wetmore, 1921). 
Among the birds, magpies perhaps do most pillaging of eggs. This is cer- 
tainly the case in our western States. In the north, crows and ravens may be a 
greater menace. Gulls of various species are probably destructive only in certain 
regions and in individual cases. Certain hawks and occasionally herons are said 
to take young. Being so small, the downy young are probably more often snapped 
up by fish and turtles than are the young of larger species. Dr. A. F. Warren writes 
me that these Teal are apparently not susceptible to tape-wmrms when placed 
among captive Red-heads and Black Ducks that were highly infected. 
Damage. Damage done to crops of growing rice in California or Arkansas is 
negligible as compared to that inflicted by Pintail, Mallard and some of the 
geese. The bulk of these Teal arrive so late in the central and southern States that 
they can have but little effect on agriculture. 
