262 
ANAS GIBBERIFRONS 
against 3 pounds for the Chestnut-breasted Teal. In the present species the male weighed 1 pound 
2 ounces (0.51 kilograms), and the female 1 pound 1 ounce (0.48 kilograms). It is therefore a con- 
siderably lighter bird than Anas castanea. 
Adtilt Female: Like the male in all respects, and very nearly as large, but always lacking the bony 
protuberance on the forehead. In a series from Celebes which I measured the females ran from 165 
to 185 mm. in the wing, as against 175 to 190 mm. in the males. Measurements given by Mathews 
show also that the females are of nearly the same size as the males. Soft parts are the same in color 
Immature Specimens: Probably with less conspicuous markings on breast. 
Downy Young: A specimen in the U.S. National Museum taken in Celebes, August 4, 1917, is brown 
on the upper side and silver white below. Pileum almost black. A short superciliary light line and a 
dark stripe run through and beyond the eye. Under this a light stripe runs back to near the ear. A 
dark aural patch is present below this. Chin and throat buffy, separated from the breast by a sharply 
marked dark line. According to Mathews the yoimg are lighter colored than those of Anas castanea, 
and the few specimens which I have seen bear this out. 
DISTRIBUTION 
Java 
Celebes 
Key Islands 
Aru Islands 
New Guinea 
On account of the general confusion between this species and Anas castanea it is almost impossible to 
fix with any degree of accuracy the range of either. Ornithologists are generally agreed that it is 
this species that inhabits the islands of the South Pacific, as well as Australia and New Zealand. 
The westernmost limit of its range seems to be western Java, where it has been taken in the 
Batavia and Kramat districts (Vorderman, 1883). It is said to occur also in Borneo 
(Vorderman, 1887) and it is certainly very common in Celebes (Walden, 1872; W. 
Blasius, 1886; A. B. Meyer and Wuglesworth, 1898; U.S. National Museum; etc., etc.). 
Specimens have also been taken on Saleyer Island (Hartert, 1896b), Sumba (Hartert, 
1896, 1898a), Flores (Wallace, 1863a), Timor (Hartert, 1898c), Wetter (Hartert, 
1904a), Little Key Islands (Hartert, 1903, p. 254) and in the Aru group (Riedel, 
fiAe A. B. Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1898). Nothing is known of its status in Dutch 
or (former) German New Guinea, but in the southeastern part it is said to be fairly 
common about Port Moresby and South Cape (Ramsay, 1879). It was reported from New Cale- 
donia by Verreaux and Des Murs (Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 12, p. 442, 1860) but apparently 
no collector has taken it on those islands since their time (Brasil, 1916). 
In Australia the Gray Teal is widely distributed and in many sections common. In W’est 
West Australia it is common at Moora (Orton and Sandland, 1913) and on the Wongan 
Australia Hills (Milligan, 1904). A few were seen on Lake Muir, and young were taken on the 
Minilya River (Carter and Mathews, 1920). In northwestern Australia it seems to be quite abundant 
(Ogilvie-Grant, 1910). Carter (1904) found it common on Northwest Cape, S. A. White (1915) took 
a few near the Alberga River, Hartert (1905) has recorded it for the Alligator River, for Derby and 
for Condon Road, while Heartland (North, 1898) found it the commonest duck and breeding on the 
Fitzroy River. Ramsay (1888) states that it is found on the Gulf of Carpentaria, and Ingram (1907) 
took specimens in the vicinity of Alexandra Station (19° south latitude, 136° east longitude). The 
species is apparently not found in the Cape York district of Queensland, but it is very 
common on the lakes at Sedan and Byromine (Macgillivray, 1914), on the Herbert 
River (Broadbent, 1910) and in the Richmond district (Berney, 1907). Ramsay (1888) 
has recorded it for the W’ide Bay district. In New South Wales it is a very common 
bird (North, 1913). Ramsay (1888) has recorded it for the Clarence and Richmond 
River region and the interior, and Austin (1907) says great flocks arrive on the Talbragar River in 
Queensland 
New South 
Wales 
