PINTAIL 
311 
Spain 
Switzerland 
Italy 
Bohemia 
Hungary 
Transyl- 
vania 
Balkans 
Scandi- 
navia 
(1895) in recent years ascertained its presence in summer at the mouth of the Rhone. In Spain, ac- 
cording to A. Chapman and Buck (1910), it breeds in considerable numbers in wet 
years on the marismas of the lower Quadalquivir, Andalusia. Irby (1883) saw it in 
May at Santander on the coast of the Bay of Biscay, but I doubt its breeding there. In Switzerland 
it has bred a few times, but Fatio (1904) is probably correct in regarding these records 
as exceptional. The species has been met with several times in June and even July, in 
Italy, but probably does not breed (Picchi, 1904) although Naccari {fide Giglioli, 1886) claims it has 
nested in the vicinity of Venice. Fritsch (1872) and Schier (fide Naumann, 1896-1905) 
record the occasional nesting of this species in Bohemia, while in Hungary it breeds 
(Baldamus, 1858), specifically at Buzinka (Fischer, jide von Dalla-Torre and von Tschusi, 
1885, p. 546), on Neusiedler Lake, at Balaton, and perhaps on Valencze Lake (Chernel, 
fide Naumann, 1896-1905). According to Szikla (ibid.) it has nested at Stuhlweissen- 
burg in Transylvania, and this seems very likely, for Danford and Harvie-Brown 
(1875) found it in May in the same district, though it was not common there. In the 
Balkans a few may nest in Montenegro, on Lake Scutari (Reiser and von Fiihrer, 
1896). It has been met with as late as May 25 at Nicopolis, Bulgaria, on the Dan- 
ube (Reiser, 1894), and according to Hristovic {fide Reiser, 1894) has bred at Drago- 
man, not far from Sofia. Going north, I find it recorded as breeding throughout 
Scandinavia, in Denmark (Kjarbolling, 1850), and in Norway (Collett, 1873; Schaan- 
ning’, 1913) as well as in Sweden (Siindstrom, Dresser, 1871-81). The species appears to be rare 
as a breeder in southern parts of the peninsula, however, becoming common in the north only, as at 
Tromsb (Hartwig, 1889). In the Baltic it has nested on the islands Oland (Siindstrom, jfde Dresser, 
1871-81; Nilsson, 1858) and Gotland (WaUengren, 1854). According to Palmen (1876) the Pintail 
has bred in Finland south even to Helsingfors, but Palmgren (1913) says there is only one breeding 
record for the Helsingfors district. It nests only rarely in the southern districts, becoming a little 
more common in central Finland (Suomalainen, 1908), rather commonly in Karelia (von Nordmann, 
1864), abimdantly at Uleaborg (Dresser, 1871-81) and in eastern Finmark (Schaanning, 1907). Far- 
ther north it was found breeding in Lapland Enontekiensis (Suomalainen, 1912; Montell, 1917) 
as well as in Russian Lapland (Pleske, 1886) and on the Murman coast (Nikolski). In Russia proper 
it breeds abundantly throughout the northern sections south to about 60°. For this 
region it has been variously recorded for Shishgin Light on the White Sea (E. von 
Middendorff, 1891), the Kanin Peninsula (Goebel, 1873), and the lower Petchora (Seebohm, 1880a). 
At Archangel it also breeds abundantly (Goebel, 1873; Alston and Harvie-Brown, 1873), while far- 
ther south it has been recorded for Olonetz Government (Bianchi, 1914), Ladoga (Liljeborg, 1852; 
Meves,Jide Naumann, 1896-1905) and for Onega (Sievers, 1877). In the Petrograd Government it 
is not exactly common as a breeder (Buchner, 1885; Bianchi, 1907), but eastward of the capital it 
nests commonly in the Novgorod Government (Bianchi, 1910) and also in Vologda (Andreeff and 
Bianchi, 1910). According to SabanaefP (Harvie-Brown, 1878) it is common everywhere in the Urals 
of the Perm Government, and according to Russki (1893) it breeds also in Kazan. Passing west- 
ward, I find that it has been recorded breeding in Moscow and Tula (Menzbier, 1883; Lorenz, 1892), 
and it probably does so in decreasing numbers in the whole region between Tula and Charkov, 
or even Ekaterinoslav, where it nests sparingly (Czernay, 1852; Valkh, 1911). It does not breed in 
the Crimea or in Cherson (Brauner, 1894, 1899) but does so rarely in Kief (Harvie-Brown, 1878). 
Farther west it is known to breed in small numbers in Poland (Taczanowski, 1888), but more com- 
monly in the Baltic Provinces, Kurland, Esthonia and Livonia (Loudon, 1909; Goebel, 1873). Before 
passing over into Asia I wish to mention the two remarkable records of the occurrence of this species 
north of Europe, namely, on Bear Island, July 15, and on Bell Sound, western Spitzbergen, Jime 
13, 1898 (KolthoS, 1903), and farther east on Waigats Island (Popham, 1898). Judging from the 
dates it seems possible that the birds may have been breeding in Spitzbergen, unlikely as such an 
assumption seems. 
Russia 
