314 
ANAS ACUTA 
Norway 
Denmark 
Belgium 
France 
southern Missouri (Widmann, 1907) and Arkansas (Howell, 1911), presumably in Oklahoma, as 
well as in southern Kansas, rarely in Colorado north to Barr Lake (L. J. Hersey and Rockwell, 
1909), in New Mexico (Cooke, 1906) and Arizona (Swarth, 1914), undoubtedly in Utah, rarely in 
Nevada (HofFman, 1881), but commonly throughout California (Grinnell, Bryant and Storer, 
1918), in Oregon (Pope, 1895-96) and in Washington (W. L. Dawson and Bowles, 1909; Rathbun, 
1915) extending north on the coast as far as southern British Columbia, being abundant everywhere 
in the vicinity of Puget Sound (Rathbun, 1915; Kermode, 1904). Mr. A. M. Bailey of the U.S. 
Biological Survey (MS.) says that a few wdnter even in southea.stern Alaska. 
The Pintail reaches its northernmost wintering grounds in the west of Europe where it spends the 
cold season on the coasts of the British Isles. According to Seebohm (1885) it is common on the 
Europe south and east coasts of England, but rare on the west coast, and the same seems to be 
British Scotland (G. R. Gray, 1871). I have not been able to find any wintering 
Isles records for the Shetlands or the Faroes, on which islands the species seems to occur 
only on passage to and from Iceland. In Ireland, however, it appears to occur in winter in the inte- 
rior, as well as on the coast, but it is rare in the northern counties, as in Antrim, Londonderry, Down 
and Donegal. South of Athlone it is commoner, especially in Clare, Connaught and Kerry (Payne- 
Gallwey, 1882; Ussher and Warren, 1900). On the Continent the species winters as 
far north as the southern coasts of Norway (Collett, 1871; Schaanning, 1913), and 
probably to some extent in Denmark and Holland. Dubois (1912) states that it is com- 
mon in Belgium on passage, but says nothing of its wintering in the country. According 
to Dresser (1871-81) and Paris (1907) it winters in France, but it is probably rare 
in the northern parts in winter. Martin (1887) states that a few winter on La Brenne Plateau, 
southeast of Tours, while in southern France, Lord Lilford (1875) found the species in the Cannes 
market on December 29. The British Museum has specimens from Arcachon, southwest of Bordeaux, 
taken in January and November. The Pintail does not regularly winter in Germany, 
Germany been known to do so at Hamburg, Holstein, Oldenburg, Rhine Palatinate, 
Switzerland Brunswick, Neuwied, Bavaria and more commonly in Baden (Naumann, 1896-1905). 
In Switzerland it is found everywhere in winter, but seems to be mo.st common in the 
southwestern parts (Fatio, 1904). In the Iberian Peninsula it appears to winter abundantly. Irby 
(1883) met with it at Santander in November, but farther south it is very common in 
southern and eastern Spain (Arevalo y Baca, 1887). According to Barcelo {fide Reyes y 
Prosper, 1886) it is found on Mallorca and Minorca of the Balearic group. In Portugal it is common 
(A. C. Smith, 1868; de Seabra, 1910). Tait (1896) also found it abundant at Oporto, 
while the Museum of Coimbra has specimens from Monte-Mor. Jourdain (1912) 
states that the species is common on the east coast of Corsica, and in Sardinia it appears to be fairly 
well represented (Salvador!, 1865; Brooke, 1873). In Sicily the birds winter in the vicinity of Lentini 
and Syracuse (Malherbe, 1843), and C. A. Wright (1864) states that they winter occasionally on 
Malta also. According to Despott (1917) it is by no means common there. Apparently there is no 
Italy Italy in which the species does not winter, for Giglioli’s (1889-91) researches 
show records of its doing so from Apulia and Calabria northward through Campania, 
the Marches, Tuscany, Liguria, Venice, Lombardy and Piedmont. On the east coast of the Adriatic 
the species is very common in Dalmatia, from November till April (Kolombatovic, 1903) and farther 
Austria north appears to be fairly abundant in the Tyrol (Althammer, 1857). The Crown 
Prince Rudolf (Rudolf and von Brehm, 1879) stated that it occurred in the vicinity of 
Vienna in winter and Frauenfeld {fide Naumann, 1896-1905) has recorded it from Lower Austria. It 
Hungary appears that the Pintail winters occasionally in southern or even central Hungary, as it 
did at Turcsisca in 1876 (Madarasz, 1884; Petenji,^e Naumann, 1896-1905). It cer- 
Greece tainly winters throughout the Balkans, commonly at Durazzo (Lodge, 1909), though it 
appears to be uncommon in Greece (von der Miilile, 1844: Lindermayer, 1860). Powys 
Spain 
Portugal 
