GARGANEY TEAL 
361 
British Isles 
Scandinavia 
Denmark 
Belgium 
France 
(Harvie-Brown, 1906) and the Tweed area (Evans, 1911). In England the species still breeds in very 
limited numbers in the southeastern counties, from Norfolk to Kent (Brit. Ornith. 
Union Checklist, 1915), and occasionally in recent years in Durham, York, Hamp- 
shire and Somerset, Essex and Sussex (Hartert, 1920a). Stonham (1908) states that it has nested 
also in Lincoln, Warwick, Huntingdon and formerly in Northumberland. In Ireland it has never 
been known to breed, and there are only about twenty records of its occurrence on that island at any 
time (Ussher and Warren, 1900). 
On the Continent the Garganey has occurred from time to time on the south coasts of Norway, 
from Hvaler to Jaederen (Schaanning, 1913); it is not known to have actually bred there. It is 
more common in southern Sweden, where it breeds as far north as 60°, nesting com- 
monly at Gothenburg, in Kalmar and in Ostergothland (Nilsson, 1858) as well as at 
Hjelstaviken, Skane and on the island of Gland (Meves,^de Dresser, 1871-81). Wallengren (1854) 
speaks of it as a common breeder in Bohus and Wermland, but rare in Gothland and Sodermanland, 
while in Uppland and Dalekarlia it does not occur at all. It is a common breeding bird 
in Denmark, especially in Jutland (Kjaerbolling, 1850; Naumann, 1896-1905; etc.), 
and nests in limited numbers throughout Germany, more commonly in the east than in the western 
parts (Naumann, 1896-1905). A few nest in the Netherlands (Schlegel, 1859), in 
Belgium (Dubois, 1912) and in Luxembourg (La Fontaine, 1865-72). Lack of in- 
formation makes it difficult to speak with certainty as to its status in France. It 
probably nests throughout the country in small numbers, and has been so recorded for Picardy 
(d’Aubusson, 1911), Anjou (Rogeron, 1903), Montlucon (des Prugnes, 1912), Savoy (Bailly, fide 
Dresser, 1871-81) and the Rhone Delta (Barthelemy-Lapommeraye, Clarke, 1898). It is not 
known to breed in Portugal, and in Spain does so only in the marismas of the lower 
Guadalquivir, where in wet seasons it is common (A. Chapman and Buck, 1910). 
The Garganey is not recorded as having bred in Corsica, but it is said to do so in Sardinia (Bonomi, 
fide Giglioli, 1889-91), in Sicily (Malherbe, 1843) and perhaps in Malta, where it is 
seen at all seasons (C. A. Wright, 1864; Despott, 1917). In Italy proper it nests in 
some of the more northern Provinces, having been recorded from Tuscany, Venice, 
Lombardy and Piedmont (Giglioli, 1889-91). It breeds on some of the lower-lying 
lakes of Switzerland also (Fatio, 1904). In Bohemia it is an abundant nesting bird 
(Fritsch, 1872), and the same is true of Austria (Mojsisovics von Mojsvar, 1897), Hungary (Mad- 
arasz, 1884) and eastern Slavonia (Schweppenburg, 1915). Strangely enough it does not seem to 
breed in Poland (Taczanowski, 1888), excepting in the Kielce Government (Katin, 1912) and pre- 
sumably in Posen (Hammling, 1917), for it does so throughout Russia, and even 
in Finland. In this latter coimtry it nests, though not commonly, from the Gulf of 
Finland north to the head of the Bothnian Gulf and inland at least as far as Knopio 
(63° north latitude), if not as far as Kajana (64° north latitude) according to Palmen (1876). Dresser 
(1871-81) foimd it on the coast at Uleaborg, and thinks the species breeds there. Pleske (1886) 
gives two authorities for its occm-rence at Tornea. It is not known to occur in Lapland 
or on the Kola Peninsula, but it nests on the White Sea, commonly about Shishgin 
Light (E. von Middendorff, 1891) and abundantly at Archangel (Seebohm, 1882a). Harvie-Brown 
(1876), however, did not see it on the Petchora. About Ladoga it is not common (Liljeborg, 1852) 
but it is fairly abundant as a breeder at Petrograd (J. von Fischer, 1872; Bianchi, 1907), in Novgorod 
(Bianchi, 1910), in Pskov (Zarudny, 1910) and throughout the Baltic Provinces (Loudon, 1909). In 
central Russia it breeds very commonly in Moscow and Tula (Menzbier, 1881; Lorenz, 1892) and 
in eastern Russia it is foimd in summer in Kazan (Russki, 1893) and on most of the lakes of the Urals 
(Harvie-Brown, 1878). It is much rarer than the Common Teal in southern Russia (Radde, 1854), 
but it breeds in Ekaterinoslav (Valkh, 1911), in the Crimea (Brauner, 1899), Cherson (Brauner, 
1894), in Kief (Goebel, 1870) and in Podolia (von Zedlitz, 1917). 
Spain 
Sardinia 
Italy 
Switzer- 
land 
Russia 
Finland 
Lapland 
