362 
ANAS QUERQUEDULA 
Balkans 
Crete 
Asia Minor 
Egypt 
In the Balkans the species probably nests at least as far south as central Greece for it has been so 
reported for Bessarabia, Rumania, Bulgaria and Montenegro (Radakoff, 1879; Reiser, 1894; Elwes 
and Buckley, 1870; Lintia, 1909; Reiser and von Fiihrer, 1896), and for Transylvania 
where it was common in May (Danford and Harvie-Brown, 1875) and undoubtedly 
nests. It is not absolutely certain that it breeds in Greece but such an excellent authority as Lord 
Lilford {fide Dresser, 1871-81) assumed that it nested in Epirus, while Powys (1860) thinks some 
nest in western Greece and Lindermayer (1860) is of the opinion that many may nest in central 
Greece, especially on Kopai Lake and about Thermopylae. Very probably it nests 
even in Crete (Spratt, 1865, vol. 2, p. 406), for it does so to some extent in Cyprus 
(Bucknill, 1911). So far as I know it has never been found breeding in Asia Minor or in 
Palestine, but Weigold (1913) speaks of it as a common duck on the inundated plain of the Meander 
as late as March 27, and in Egypt it has been found breeding at Birket-el-Kurun (Kaiser, 1890), 
while Shelley (1872) spoke of it as a resident in Egypt, a statement which has not 
been verified in recent years. Carstensen’s (1852) statement that it breeds in Tan- 
giers cannot be accepted without further evidence, as this writer is unreliable. 
In Asia the Garganey nests occasionally in Armenia (Nesterov, 1911) and possibly rarely in 
Mesopotamia (C. B. Ticehurst, Buxton and Cheesman, 1922), but evidently more commonly in the 
Caucasus (Seebohm, 1883; Radde, 1884) and abundantly throughout the Kirgis Steppe region 
(Nazarow, 1887; Seebohm, 1882; Suschkin, 1914). Molcanov (1912) reports three specimens taken 
in late July at the mouth of the Amur-Daria, while in Transcaspia it breeds rarely on the Tedshen 
and at Merv (Zarudny, 1889-90). According to both Radde (1886) and Zarudny (1911) the Gar- 
Westem ganey breeds also in northwestern Persia, on the south shore of the Caspian. Severtzoff 
Asia (Dresser, 1876) and Lansdell (1885) found it nesting all over Turkestan, with the ex- 
ception of the desert region of the southwest, while Laubmann (1913) says it breeds on the Maryn 
and Tekes Rivers in the Tien-shan. Schalow (1908) states that it nests in the southeastern Tien- 
shan, as it does commonly in the Pamirs (Severtzoff, 1883) and doubtless in Yarkand (Scully, 
1876). Zarudny (1911) says it nests rarely so far south as the Seistan region of Afghanistan. These 
may have been distinctly localized areas. 
Farther north the Garganey breeds in the eastern Altai (Hesse, 1913), while Finsch (1879) met 
with it on the Sassyk Ala-kul and the Aul Uwanas in May, and on the Marka-kul in June. Suschkin 
(1913) says it breeds about Minussinsk, in the Urjanch region, on the Saissan-nor and 
in the Russian Altai, and Finsch (1879) saw a specimen in a collection at Omsk. 
Zalesski (1915) has reported a specimen taken at Tomsk in late April and it has even been said that 
the species breeds to some extent in the Tobolsk Government (Ushakov, 1913). 
Farther east the Garganey breeds throughout the rest of Asia south of 58° or 59° north latitude 
(Buturlin, 1908). Popham (1897) took a specimen at Jeneseisk, and both Dybowski (Taczanowski, 
Trans- 1873) and Maak (1859) found it breeding in Transbaikalia. Buturlin (1908) fixes its 
baikalia northern breeding limit on the Lena at 58° or 59° north latitude, which seems to be 
correct, though it evidently straggles much farther north. Bunge (1883) has recorded specimens from 
Shigolows and even from Tasary, at the mouth of the Lena. Radde (1863) found it breeding in 
Amurland and on the Tarei-nor, while Prjevalski (1878) says it nests as far south as the valley of 
the Hoang-ho. Very probably it breeds in Manchuria, for it does so on Lake Hanka 
anc uria (Prjevalski, 1878), and on the island of Yezo (Lonnberg, 1908). Its nesting on 
Saghalin Saghalin has not yet been satisfactorily proved. Nikolski {fide Taczanowski, 1893) 
thinks it breeds there, but at best it is probably a rare breeder everywhere in the Far East. On the 
mainland, A. von Middendorff (1853) met with it as far north as Uda, while specimens, evidently 
Kamchatka have been taken in Kamchatka (Stejneger, 1885) and Bering Island (Tac- 
zanowski, 1893; Hartert, 1920). Taczanowski (1893) gives dimensions of eggs which 
he says come from Kamchatka and Bering Island. On the Kuriles the species is found only on 
migration (Lonnberg, 1908). 
Altai 
