364 
ANAS QUERQUEDULA 
On the northeast coast of Africa specimens have been taken in Italian Somaliland (Salvador!, 
Somaliland ^^^4) and in Eritrsea (Zedlitz, 1910). Very likely it may be found along both coasts 
Red Sea 
Asia Minor 
Persia 
India 
of the Red Sea, for it has been taken at Suez (Boyd, 1917) and in Arabia Petrsea; 
is common at Huswah and Aden (Barnes, 1893), and is known from A1 Khaur, in the 
Wadi-Hassan region (Ogilvie-Grant, 1900). It winters to some extent in Palestine (Tristram, 1884; 
S. Merrill, 1903) and in Cyprus (Bucknill, 1911), as w'ell as throughout Asia Minor. 
G. C. Taylor (1872) found it at Constantinople, while Abbott {fide Dresser, 1871-81) 
took it at Trebizond, and Dickson and Ross (1839) have recorded it from Erzerum. The British 
Museum possesses specimens from Bagdad and from Fao, and Stoneham (1919) has recorded a 
specimen taken at Daur, Mesopotamia. In the Caucasus the Garganey may winter in the southern 
parts. Radde (1884) speaks of it as occurring at Lenkoran in February, and E. von Middendorff 
(1891) saw great flocks of Garganey off Apsheron Light, near Baku, on December 31. According to 
Zarudny (1911) it winters in northwestern Persia in small numbers, but is in most 
other localities chiefly a bird of passage. Only in the Seistan region is it abundant in 
winter. Hume and Marshall (1879) state that it is not uncommon in winter in Afghanistan and 
Baluchistan and that specimens have been obtained in the cold season on both coasts of the Persian 
Gulf. They do not give the authority for this statement, but it seems probable enough. The bird 
is found throughout India in the winter, extending throughout the Himalayas from 
Kullu to Nepal and from there south to Ceylon. Longitudinally it winters all the way 
from the Punjab and Sind eastward. In Oudh, the Northwest Provinces and Sind it is exceedingly 
abundant, excepting in midwinter, when most of the Garganeys go still farther south (Hume and 
Ceylon Marshall, 1879; Baker, 1908). In Ceylon it is found only in the northern parts (Legge, 
1880). It is a common species in Burma, Tenasserim and Pegu, especially between 
the Sittang and Salween Rivers (Baker, 1908), but is less common in Arakan (Hop- 
wood, 1912), though particularly abundant in the South Shan States (Bingham and Thompson, 
1900; Rippon, 1901). 
Throughout China the Garganey is almost exclusively a bird of passage. A few specimens have 
China been taken in Formosa in winter (R. Swinhoe, 1863; La Touche, 1907; Uchida, 
1912), and a few spend the winter in southern Japan (Seebohm, 1890). But the real 
wintering area of the Garganey is much farther south. It unquestionably winters 
throughout the entire Malay region. It has been recorded from the Ratburi region and it is said to 
be abundant there (Gairdner, 1914), but seems to be most common on the coast of the Gulf of Siam 
(Gyldenstolpe, 1916). The British Museum has a specimen from Cochin-China. It must be confessed 
that there are few specific records for the Malay Peninsula, but it has been taken at the mouth of the 
East Indies River (H. C. Robinson and Kloss, 1921). It is common in parts of Sumatra 
(Vorderman, 1890; Snelleman, 1887; H. C. Robinson and Kloss, 1918), and it is known 
from Java (Koningsberger, 1915; Miiller, Leyden Museum). Nicholson (1883) took a specimen in 
northwestern Borneo, and the Sarawak Museum has specimens from three different localities in the 
same general region. Other specimens have been taken on Calayan and Luzon in the Philippines 
(R. C. McGregor, 1909), and at Lake Limbotta, Celebes (Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1898). Still 
farther east the Garganey has been found in the Sulu Islands (Hartert, 1897), on Ternate (Salvador!, 
1882) and on Ceram (Wallace, British Museum). Recently a flock of eight was seen on the Kapare 
New River in Dutch New Guinea (Ogilvie-Grant, 1915). Two specimens shot at Conne- 
Guinea warre, Victoria, Australia, in March and April, 1896, seem to have been wild birds 
(Mathews, 1914-15). 
Japan 
Passage Area 
Since the breeding and wintering grounds of the Garganey are so widely separated, the passage area 
is naturally a large one. The species is not really a characteristic one of western Europe, but the 
